24 ETYMOLoay and syntajs. 



(this it-is he did it), this j}erson did it ; oqud li o wi i (tliat it-is he said it), that 

 person said it ; iwoijyi mo, these l:now. 



2. 'Oqnd' and 'awoqud' are emphatic; as, awoqud ni mo ri (tJiose it-is J saw), 

 I saw those very 2)ei'so]is, or tlteiiiseloes. 



DEFINITE ARTICLE. 



§ 106. The demonstratives ml and ni, tliat, and the substantive pronoun eyi, this, 

 frequently have the force of the definite article. 



§ 107. NA is always equivalent to the English demonstrative that, although in 

 sorne cases it may be rendered by the article the ; as, okoijri nd ti o de lana, the 

 ina/ii who ca/me yesterday. 



§ 108. Ni is scarcely used as a demonstrative, and is more nearly equivalent to 

 the article ; as, d ri odo nld ni, we sm.o the great river • oba ni li o wi i (kin(/ the it- 

 is tlmt said it), the hing said it. In the use of ni we observe two pecuharities. 



1. It is employed in connexion with kai), oiie, which is used to indicate sin- 

 gularity ; as, omode kaq ni li o se e, tlie child did it. 



2. It frequently qualifies a phrase or sentence ; as, ile qdzo ni, tliere is a liouse on 

 fire ; baloguq'medii, ti o loh oguq nd ni, ko huwa re, two generals, lolw ivent to that 

 war, did not hehave tvell. In these and all similar examples 'ni' may be rendered 

 by it is. 



§ 109. Eyi, this, is employed as a definite article, before the noun, in speaking 

 of one among a plurality of things previously mentioned. Thus in Luke 15. 12, 

 after mentioning the two sons, we have the phrase ' eyi abiiro,' the younger. 



The Relative Pronoun. 



§ 110. The relative ti, who or which, is applied to both persons and things, and 

 is not varied to indicate gender, number, or case. Hence, as is the case, for instance, 

 with the uuinflected Hebrew relative, a personal pronoun is often employed in 

 connexion with it to indicate the number and person which the relative would have 

 if inflected. 



§ 111. 1. a. When employed as the sul:)ject of a I'elative clause, or in what may 

 be called the nominative case, ti is usually followed by o or o, he, site, it, which is 

 used in a general way for all numbers and persons ; as, awa ti o ri, ive ivho see ; 

 iwo ti o ko, thou who learnest. 



h. When the verb of the relative clause begins with 'm,' 'n,' or 'i},' either as an 

 auxiliary particle or as a component part of the verb, the ' o ' or ' o ' is usually 

 omitted; as, iwo ti qsoro, thou who art speaking ; awa ti mbe, rve wlto are. 



2. Frequently, however, instead of 'o' or 'o,' a pronoun is used, agreeing in 

 person and number with the antecedent ; as, 6nia ti awoq se e (^person wlto they did 

 it), the people who did it ; emi ti mo m5 ( I who Ihnow), I who hww. 



3. It being regarded as sufficient if the plurality of the antecedent is once 

 expressed, the same thing may be said in several different ways. Thus the sen- 

 tence, he slew his sons who rebelled, may be expressed in Yoruba either by, 6 kpa 

 awoi) omo r^ ti o sote (lit. he slew them son of him who he rehelled) ; or by, 6 kpa 

 omo re awoq ti o sote ( he slew son of hi7n they who he rebelled) ; or else by, 6 kpa 

 omo rr ti uw(_)ij sote {he slew son of him ivho they rehelled). 



