ON Til E SHO R E S o V L A K E S U 1' E RI R. 



19 



Fig. 10. 



Stone Maul, with double grooves. — Weigh! 36 lbs. 

 Minnesota Mine. 



In one of the pits a rude ladder was found. 

 formed of an oak tree trimmed so as to leave 

 the stumps of the branches projecting, on 

 which men could readily descend or ascend 

 to or from their work. Wooden levers are 

 also found among the rubbish, preserved by 

 water, which covered them continually. 



On the edge of the excavation in which 

 the mass m was found there stood an aged 

 hemlock, the roots of which extended across 

 the ditch. I counted the rings of annual 

 growth on its stump, and found them to be 

 two hundred and ninety. Mr. Knapp men- 

 tions another tree which had three hundred 

 and ninety-five. The fallen and decayed 

 trunks of trees of a previous generation 

 were seen lying across the pits. > 



Near the place where the detached mass 

 in was found Mr. Hill discovered a tool of 

 which the following is a sketch, and near it 



a copper maul or sledge 1 weighing from 



twenty to twenty-five pounds. Like all the 



other implements found this maul had been 



fashioned by pounding in a cold state. 



Originally the mass appeared to have had 



the shape of the letter T. the cross head at 



the top being about an inch thick and two 



or three inches broad, tapering towards each 



end. These two prongs had been folded 



over each other and beaten into a shape 



rudely resembling a man's fist, but larger. This lump of copper had e\ idently been 



battered either by pounding, to make it more compact, or by use as a maul. The 



handle of the maul was eight or nine inches long. 



Copper Chisel. Full size.— Length 7{ 

 in.; breadth 1; in.; thickness J 

 in. Minnesota Mine. 



View i-.k-e 

 wise. 



