8 SYSTEMS OF CONSANGUINITY AND AFFINITY 



other Asiatic nations represented in the tables, are considered and compared with 

 the typical form. These are necessarily presented with fulness of detail, particu- 

 larly the Chinese, from the great amount of divergence from the typical form 

 which they exhibit. After this the system of the Malayan family, of which the 

 Hawaiian form is typical, is presented and explained in the same manner. The 

 Eskimo system concludes the series. 



Lastly, the general results of a comparison of these several forms, together with 

 a conjectural solution of the origin of the classificatory system, furnish the subject 

 of a concluding chapter. 



The tables, however, are the main results of this investigation. In their 

 importance and value they reach far beyond any present use of their contents 

 which the writer may be able to indicate. If they can be perfected, and the 

 systems of the unrepresented nations be supplied, their value would be greatly 

 increased. The classification of nations is here founded upon a comparison of 

 their several forms of consanguinity. With some exceptions, it harmonizes with 

 that previously established upon the basis of linguistic affinities. One rests upon 

 blood, the preponderance of which is represented by the system of relationship; 

 the other is fomided upon language, the affinities of which are represented by 

 grammatical structure. One follows ideas indicated in a system of relationship and 

 transmitted with the blood ; the other follows ideas indicated in forms of speech 

 and transmitted in the same manner. It may be a question which class of ideas 

 has been perpetuated through the longest periods of time. 



In Table I., which is appended to Part I., will be found the system of the 

 Aryan, Semitic, and Uralian families ; in Table II., which is likewise appended 

 to Part II., that of the American Indian family; and in Table IV., which is 

 appended to Part III., that of the Turanian and Malayan families. The plan 

 adopted in framing these tables was to bring each specific relationship, among a 

 certain number of affiliated nations, into the same column, so that their agreement 

 or disagreement as to any particular relationship might be seen at a glance. This 

 arrangement will facilitate the comparison. The names of the several nations, 

 whose systems are brought together, will be fomid in a column on the left of the 

 page ; and the descriptions of the several persons, whose relationships to Ego are 

 shown, are written in a consecutive series at the top of the several columns. In 

 this series the lineal line is first given. This is followed by the first collateral line 

 in its male and female branches ; and this, in turn, by the second collateral line in 

 its male and female branches on the father's side, and in its male and female 

 branches on the mother's side ; after which, but less fully extended, will be found 

 the third, fourth, and fifth collateral lines. An inspection of the tables will make 

 the method sufficiently obvious. 



If these tables prove sufficient to demonstrate the utility of systems of relation- 

 ship in the prosecution of ethnological investigations, one of the main objects of 

 this work will be accomplished. The number of nations represented is too small 

 to exhibit all the special capabilities of this instrumentality. The more thoroughly 

 the system is explored in the different nations of the same family of speech, espe- 

 cially where the form is classificatory, the more ample and decisive the evidence 



