OF THE HUMAN FAMILY. 69 



to by Dr. Prichard, who speaks of them as " genuine Persians.'" Max INIiiller sets 

 them down as a Turkish nation. The latter remarks: "The northern part of 

 Persia, west of the Caspian Sea, Armenia, the south of Georgia, Sherwan and 

 Dagestan, harbor a Turkic population known by the general name of Kisd-hash 

 (Red Caps). They are nomadic robbers, and their arrival in these countries dates 

 from the eleventh and twelfth centuries."" 



The late Eev. George AV. Dunmorc, formerly a missionary of the American 

 Board at Diarbekir, in Turkey, speaks of them in his letter which accompanied 

 the schedule, as Kuzulbashi-Koords. He remarks, "Not being myself familiar 

 with the language of the Kuzulbashi, I am indebted [for the filling out of the 

 schedule] chiefly to an educated native, whose vernacular may be said to be that 

 of the Kuzulbashi-Koords, among whom he spent his early days. * * * None 

 of the missionaries, however, know the language of the Kuzulbashi, and all inter- 

 course Avith them is through converted Armenians familiar with their language, or 

 by means of the Turkish, which many of them know."^ 



There are special terms in this language for grandfather and grandmother, and 

 for grandchild. 



In the first collateral line male, the series is as follows : brother, son of wy 

 brother, grandchUd of my brother, and son of grandchild of my brother. There 

 is a special term for nephew, which is applied by a man to the children of his sis- 

 ter, and restricted to that relationship. 



The Arabic terms for uncle and aunt reappear in the Kuzulbashi language in 

 aph, ammeh, for those on the father's side, and in Jcdlleh, a term in common gender, 

 for those on the mother's. From the presence of these terms it is inferable that 

 the relationships named were not discriminated among this people until a compara- 

 tively recent period. The series in the branch of the second collateral line, usually 

 cited, is the following: imternal uncle, son of xjaterncd uncle, grandchild ofjMternal 

 uncle, and so7i of grandchild of paternal uncle. 



In the third collateral line the form is similar, namely : brother of grayidfather, 

 son of brother of grandfather, and grandson of brother of grandfather. The per- 

 sons in the fourth collateral line, in the several branches, are similarly described. 



From these illustrations it is evident that the system of relationship of the Kuzul- 

 bashi is descriptive. With the exception of the terms borrowed from Arabic 

 sources, and the term for nephew, applied to a sister's son, it is purely descriptive. 

 The method of description is such, both in this and in the Osmanli-Turkish, as to 

 imply the existence of an earlier form substantially identical with the Celtic. 



» " The modern Tajicks, or genuine Persians, called by the Turks Kuzulbashes, are well known as a 

 remarkably handsome people, with regular features, long oval faces, black, long, and well-marked eye- 

 brows, and large black eyes. "—Pr/e/iard's Nat. Hist, of Man, 1T3, c. f. Latham's Descrip. Elh. II, 191. 



^ Science of Language, Lee. YIII. p. 302. 



3 I cannot forbear to mention the manner in which this estimable missionary laid down his life. 

 At the date of his letter (July, 1860) he was at Constantinople, but he returned to his native country 

 the following year, and in April, 1802, enlisted as a chaplain in the Union army. In August of that 

 year he fell mortally wounded at Helena, Arkansas, in an engagement in which he participated, and 

 while defending the place against an assault of the rebel forces. Thus perished, in the prime of life, 

 a brave, patriotic, and Christian citizen, in the service of his country. 



