OF THE HUMAN FAMILY. I47 



either of these my coUateral, eltlcr/?or younger, brothers, myself being a male, be- 

 comes my son, and the sou of the latter is my grandson. 



XIX. All the children of several sisters are brothers and sisters to each other; 

 and the terms of relationship are applied as in the last case. The exceptions also 

 are the same. 



XX. All the daughters of the daughters of several sisters are sisters to each 

 other, elder or yovmger, and the daughters of the latter are sisters again ; and the 

 relationship of females in the female line continues to be that of sisters, elder or 

 younger, at equal removes, downward indefinitely, with the same result as in the 

 former case, where one is further removed than the other from the original sisters. 



XXI. All the children of several brothers on the one hand, and of the several 

 sisters of these brothers on the other, are cousins to each other among some of the 

 nations. Among other nations the males of the former class are uncles to the 

 males and females of the latter class ; and the males and females of the latter are 

 nephews and nieces to those of the former ; whilst to stiU others the females of 

 the former class are mothers to the males and females of the latter class, and the 

 males and females of the latter are sons and daughters to the females of the former. 

 To illustrate : my father's sister's son and daughter. Ego a male, are my nephew 

 and niece, each of them calling me (their mother's brother's son) uncle ; but with 

 E(jo a female, the same persons are my son and daughter, each of them calling me 

 mother. Among other nations these relationships are still different, and they can 

 be easier expressed by an illustration than by a rule ; namely, my father's sister's 

 son, Ego a male, is my father, and he calls me his son ; my father's sister's daugh- 

 ter is my aunt, and she calls me her nephew ; but with Ego a female, my father's 

 sister's son is my father, and calls me his daughter ; whilst my father's sister's 

 daughter is my grandmother, and calls me her granddaughter. Among still other 

 nations the children of brothers on the one hand, and of sisters on the other, are 

 brothers and sisters to each other. Upon this relationship occurs the most im- 

 portant, as well as the principal, deviation from uniformity. 



XXII. All the children of several cousins are cousins again; the children of the 

 latter are also cousins ; and this relationship continues downwa^'d indefinitely. 

 Where the relationship of the children of a brother and sister is that of uncle and 

 nephew, the son of this uncle is an uncle again ; and this relationship continues 

 downwards in the male line indefinitely. Where, in the same case, it is that of 

 son and father, the son and grandson of this father are each my father, and this 

 relationship continues downward in the male line indefinitely. In all other cases 

 the collateral line is brought into the lineal. 



XXIII. As a general result the descendants of brothers and sisters, or of an 

 original pair, can never pass, in theory, beyond the degrees of cousin and grand- 

 child, these being the most remote collateral and descendant relationships ; nor in 

 the ascending series beyond the degree of grandfather. Hence the bond of con- 

 sanguinity which can never, in fact, be broken by lapse of time or distance in 

 degree, is not permitted, by the fundamental provisions of the Ganowanian system, 

 to be broken in principle. 



XXIV. All the wives of my several nephews and collateral sons are my daugh- 



