1G2 SYSTEMS OF CONSANGUINITY AND AFFINITY 



Ali-fja-'liuc, her daughter is my cousin, Ah-gare -seh, her daughter is my niece, 

 Ka-ya^an-da, and the daughter of the latter is my granddaughter, Ka-yii'-da, 

 each of them addressing me by the proper correlative. 



On the mother's side (Plate IX) my mother's mother's brother is my grandfather, 

 Eoc'-sote, his son is my uncle, Hoc-no'-seh, his son is my cousin, Ah-fjdre'-seh, his 

 son is my son, Ila-aJi'-und; and the son of the latter is my grandson, Ha-ijci'-da, 

 each of them addressing me by the proper correlative. 



My mother's mother's sister is my grandmother, Oc'-sote, her daughter is my 

 mother, No-peh', her daughter is my sister, elder or younger, AJi'-je or Ka'-gd, the 

 daughter of this sister is my niece, Ka-yd'-ican-da, and her daughter is my grand- 

 daughter, Ka-yii'-da, each of them addressing me by the proper correlative. 



In the fourth collateral line male on the father's side, my father's father's father's 

 brother is my grandfather. Hoc' -sole, his son is my grandfather also, his son is my 

 father, his son is my brother, elder or younger ; his son is my son, and the son of 

 the latter is my grandson ; each of them, as before, applying to me the proper 

 correlative. With the exception of one additional ancestor, the three remaining 

 branches of this line agree with the corresponding branches of the third collateral 

 line, as will be seen by a reference to the diagram. 



There are two methods of verifying every relationship upon these diagrams. The 

 first is by commencing in each with the highest transverse line of figures, in one 

 of which there are three children of a common father, and in the other three chil- 

 dren of a, common mother, who are, respectively, own brothers and sisters to each 

 other. In Plate VIII,' two of them are males and one a female ; and in Plate IX two 

 of them are females and one a male. Thus in the former there are two own 

 brothers, with their descendants, one constituting the lineal, and the other the 

 fourth collateral line, male of Ego; and in the other there are two own sisters, with 

 their descendants, one constituting the lineal, and the other the fourth collateral 

 line, female ; those in the same horizontal line of figures being at equal removes from 

 the common ancestor. There are, also, in both diagrams, a brother and sister and 

 their descendants in corresponding positions. All of the elements are, therefore^ 

 contained in these diagrams for testing their own correctness, and also for resolving 

 any question of consanguinity. In doing either it is only necessary to apply the 

 rules before given, namely : that the children of brothers are themselves brothers 

 and sisters to each other, that the children of sisters are also brothers and sisters 

 to each other ; and that the children of cousins are themselves cousins to each 

 other ; and, finally, that the same relationships continue downwards, as before 

 explained, amongst their respective descendants, at equal removes, indefinitely. 

 To illustrate from Plate VIII Hoc'-sote and Hoe' -sole are own brothers ; the three 

 Hoc-so'-do below them are brothers to each other as the children of brothers ; the 

 four fathers of Ego below them are also brothers to each other by the same rvile, 

 and three of them are also fathers to Ego because they are brothers of his own 

 father. The four below the last are brothers, in like manner because they are the 

 children of brothers. Having now reached the transverse line of figures to which 

 Ego belongs, and ascertained that they are all brothers to each other, this, of itself, 

 determines the relationships of the ascendants and descendants of each of these 



