234 SYSTEMS OF CONSANGUINITY AND AFFINITY 



other Kolusch tribes to be of the same stock as the Kutchin.' If any doubt ex- 

 isted whether the kxtter nation belonged to the Athapascan branch, it is definitely 

 settled in the affirmative by the Table. 



There are five Athapascan nations represented in the Table. These are, 

 first, the Slave Lake Indians, or the A-cha'-o-iin-ne, who are called " Slaves" in that 

 region. They are probably the " Strongbows" of Richardson. Second, the Red 

 Knives, or Tdl-soie'-e-nd. Third, the Ta-na'-dn-ne, whose common name I was 

 unable to ascertain with certainty ; but from their range, which was on Mackenzie 

 River, and from their chief trading house, which was Fort Good Hope, they are 

 probably the Hare Indians. In the foregoing list of nations they are mentioned 

 separately as the Mackenzie River Indians. Fourth, the Kutchin, or Louchieux ; 

 and fifth, the Tukuthe of Peel River. The schedules are too limited in number for 

 the full development of the Athapascan system of relationship ; but they are suffi- 

 cient to yield a general indication of its character. 



1. A-cha'-o-tin-7ie, or Slave Lake Indians. The system -of relationship of this 

 people Avas worked out by the late Robert Kennicott, before mentioned, at Great 

 Slave Lake. This enterprising and lamented naturalist spent five years in the 

 Hudson's Bay Territory, chiefly among the Athapascans, but he did not receive my 

 schedules in time to procure the system of any other nation than this. The 

 thorough and successful manner in which he performed the work increases the 

 regret that it was limited to a single nation. He informed the writer, after his 

 return, that he spent a large amount of labor upon it to make it complete and 

 verify the results. 



There are terms in this language for grandfather and grandmother, Sa-tse'-a and 

 Sa-tsun' ; for father and mother, Sa4d' and En'-de; for son and daughter Sa-chu'-ah 

 and Sa-tu'-ah used by the males, and Sa-yd'-ze and Sa-yd'-dze used by the females ; 

 and a term in common gender for grandchild, E-f-tlm'-a used by the males, and 

 Sa-cha used by the females. All ancestors above the first are grandfathers and 

 grandmothers, and all descendants below the last are grandchildren. 



There are terms for elder brother and elder sister, Kun-dig'-ch and Sd'-dd; and 

 for younger brother and younger sister, A-cJia'-a and A-da'-ze, and no term for 

 brother or sister in the abstract. 



First Indicative Feature. My brother's son and daughter, Ego a male, are my 

 step-son and step-daughter, Tu-zen'-a and Sa-yd'-dze. With Ego a female, they are 

 my son and daughter. This last classification is variant from the common form ; 

 but it finds its analogue in the eastern Algonkin. 



Second. My sister's son, Ego a male, is my nephew, Sd'-zy; her daughter is mj 

 grandchild, Sa-f-thu'-a, This last relationship deviates from the typical form. 

 AVith Ego a female, they are my son and daughter. 



Third. My father's brother is my step-father. En-id' -alt. 



Fourth. My father's brother's son and daughter are my brother and sister, cldci 

 or younger. 



' Arctic Expedition, Harper's ed., pp. 236-239. 



