OF THE HUMAN FAMILY. 235 



Fifth. My father's sister is my aunt, Eh-ni'-ha'-dze. 



Sixth. My mother's brother is my uncle, Thd'-tha. 



Seventh. My mother's sister is my step-mother, San'-ga. 



Eighth. My mother's sister's son and daughter arc my brother and sister, elder 

 or younger. 



Ninth. My grandfather's brother and sister, are my grandfather and grand- 

 motlier, Set-see' -a, Sa-tstin'. 



Tenth. The grandchildren of my brothers and sisters, and the grandchildren of 

 my collateral brothers and sisters, are severally my grandchildren. 



With respect to the children of a brother and sister, they are also brothers and 

 sisters to each other, the relationship of cousin being unknown. 



The principles of classification in the first collateral line are carried into the 

 second and more remote collateral lines, e. g., the children of my collateral brothers. 

 Ego a male, are my step-sons and step-daughters; whilst the children of my col-, 

 lateral sisters arc my nephews and nieces, the term Sd'-zy being applied to each of 

 them. For a further knowledge of the details of the system reference is made to 

 the Table. 



The marriage relationships are fully discriminated, and are in accordance with 

 the common form. Since we are now following the system into another, and inde- 

 pendent stem of the Ganowanian family, the evidence from this source of identity 

 of systems should be presented. In brief, these relationships are as follows : the 

 wives of my several step-sons, collateral sons, and nephews are my daughters-in-law, 

 Sa-f-chu'-a, the term for this relationship, and for grandchild, being the same ; and 

 the husbands of my several step-daughters, collateral daughters, and nieces are 

 each my son-in-law, Se-ga'-ton. In like manner the wives of my several collateral 

 brothers are my sisters-in-law ; and the husbands of my several collateral sisters 

 are my brothers-in-law. 



It is evident from the A-cha' -o-tin-ne form, that the Athapascan nations have an 

 elaborate system of relationship which agrees, in the.grcater part of its fundamental 

 conceptions, with the Algonkin and Dakotan. In some respects it falls below the 

 highest typical form of the system. The absence of the relationship of cousin, 

 restricted to the children of a brother and sister, and the use of that of brother and 

 sister in its place, instead of the ruder forms found in some of the nations, tends to 

 weaken the force of the other discriminations in the system. It will further be 

 observed that Avith Ego a female the classification of consanguinei is less compli- 

 cated than with Ego a male. The system on the part of the females, approaches 

 in some respects quite near the Malayan form. There is a marked tendency 

 in the Athapascan to a double nomenclature, one part of which belongs to the 

 males, and the other to the females ; and this again will be found a strong charac- 

 teristic of the system amongst the nations in the valley of the Columbia. It has, 

 however, been found to a moderate extent in the other stems of the family. 



2. Ta-nd' -tin-ne, or Mackenzie River Indians. I obtained the system of this 

 nation from a Td-iid' -tln-ne woman of Fort Good Hope, whom I found at the 

 Bed River Settlement. She spoke the Cree language as well as her own, and 

 James Bird, before mentioned, acted as interpreter. My time being then extremely 



