396 SYSTEMS OF C O N S A N G U 1 X I T Y AND A F F 1 .N I T Y 



salute by kin. In familiar, as well as in formal, intercourse they address each 

 other by the term of relationship, and never by the personal name. It was seen 

 that this custom contributed powerfully both to the knowledge and maintenance 

 of the system, for to use it thus it must be understood. That the same usage pre- 

 vailed in India was a reasonable conjecture ; and if so, it was important that the 

 fact sliould be ascertained. In answer to inquiries upon this subject the Rev. E. 

 C. Scudder writes : " You ask me first, ' Do the Tamil and Telvigii people in familiar 

 intercourse and in formal salutation address each other, when related, by the term 

 of relationship or by the personal name, or in both forms.' The younger can 

 never address the elder relative by the personal name, but always by the term of 

 relationsliip, /. c, the sou must say father, the younger brother must say elder 

 brother, and so on throughout. In the case of the elder the matter is left optional. 

 A father maij call his sou by his personal name, or by the term of relationship as 

 he chooses. An elder brother may address a younger brother in the same Avay. 

 Tlie rule is, a younger relative cannot address an elder relative by the personal 

 name ; an elder may. * * * Your question in reference to correlative relationship, 

 viz., ' Does the one I call elder brother call me younger brother'?' etc. etc., is covered 

 by the answer to your first question, I call my elder brother anna only, he calls me 

 tniiihi, or by my personal name as he chooses. In this there is no variation." 

 The difference between the American Indian and Tamil Indian usages does not 

 impair the general result, since the necessity for addressing the elder relative by 

 the term of relationship requires as well as teaches a complete knowledge of the 

 system. The large number of persons brought by its provisions Avithin the near 

 relationships intensifies the influence of the custom. It also tends to strengthen 

 the integrity of the bond of kindred. 



2. Telugii. The system of this people agrees wath the Tamilian in minute as 

 well as general particulars, the extent of which will be seen by consulting the 

 Table. It will, therefore, be unnecessary to do more than state the indicative 

 relationships, which determine those that follow. 



First Indicative Feature. My brother's son and daughter, Fgo a male, are my 

 son and daughter. With E(/o a female, they arc my nephew and niece. The 

 children of each are my grandchildren. 



Second. My sister's son and daughter, Ego a male, are my nephew and niece. 

 "With Ego a female, they are my son and daughter. The children of each are my 

 grandchildren. 



Third. My father's brother is my father. He is also distinguished as great or 

 little father, as he is older or younger than my own father. 



Fourth. My father's brother's son and daughter are my brother and sister, elder 

 or yovuiger. 



Fifth. My father's sister is my aunt. Her children are my cousins. 



Sixth. My mother's brother is my uncle. His children are my cousins. 



Seventh. My mother's sister is my mother. 



Eighth. My mother's sister's son and daughter are my brother and sister, elder 

 or younger. 



Ninth. My grandfather's brotlicr is my grandfather, 



