OF THE HUMAN FAMILY. 409 



It appears that there are two terms for paternal uncle, Ja'ta when older than my 

 father, and KJioro when younger, which give to these terms the signification of 

 elder and younger paternal uncle. His son is my brother. He is also distinguished 

 as in Hindi as my brother through this uncle, Jatoto Bhrata, and Khortoto Bhrata. 

 My father's sister is my aunt, Pishl; my mother's brother is my uncle. Mama; and 



his grandfathers and grandmothers. Some of the nations discriminate among them as second and 

 third grandfathers, &c., but practically, they are all grandfathers and grandmothers. There are no 

 great uncles or great aunts, as with us." 



"We also call them all grandfathers and grandmothers, as a matter of courtesy. 



" II. All the brothers of a father are equally fathers to his children, and he is a father to the 

 children of all his brothers. In like manner, all the sisters of a mother are equally mothers to her 

 children, and she is a mother to the children of all her sisters. These are not uncles and aunts, 

 nephews and nieces, as with us." 



We call them Jdta and Khoro (uncles). Jata is the elder brother, and Klioro is the younger 

 brother of a father. But as a matter of courtesy they are called elder and younger fathers. The 

 sister of a mother, whether elder or younger, is called Ilashi (Mash, aunt-mother). The children 

 of a mother to her sister are, if male, Bonpo, and if female, Bonjhi, nephew and niece. 



" III. On the contrary, all the brothers of a mother are uncles to her children, and all the sisters 

 of a father are aunts to his children, as with us; so that of the father's brothers and sisters, and of 

 the mother's brothers and sisters, the mother's brothers and the father's sisters are the true and the 

 only uncles and aunts recognized under this system." 



All the brothers of a mother are called Mama, equivalent to uncle ; and all the sisters of a father 

 are called Pishi, aunt. 



" IV. There is one term for elder brother," another for younger brother ; one term for elder sister, 

 and another for younger sister ; and no term either for brother or sister, except in the plural number. 

 These separate terms are not applied to the oldest or the youngest specifically, but to each and all, 

 who are older or younger than the person speaking." 



The younger calls their oldest brother Burro Dada, next to him Majo Dada, third, Shejo Dada, 

 and fourth, Nono Dada, but elder call their younger brothers by name. In the same way sisters are 

 called Burro Didy (eldest sister) ; Majo Didy (second) ; Shejo Didy (third) ; Nono Didy (fourth), 

 and so on ; but elder sister calls her younger brothers and sisters by name. All brothers and 

 sisters, whether older or younger, also call each other by the general name Bhrata (brother), and 

 Bhogny (sister). 



" V. All the children of several brothers are brothers and sisters to each other, and all the children 

 of several sisters are brothers and sisters to each other, and they use, in each case, the respective 

 terms for elder and younger brother, and for elder and younger sister, the same as in the case of own 

 brothers and sisters. Whilst all the children of brothers on the one hand, and of sisters on the other, 

 are cousins to each other, as with us. To this last rule there are exceptions. When you cross from 

 one sex to the other, the degree of relationship is farther removed." 



As a general rule they are called brothers and sisters to each other, and the same with the children 

 of sisters. But when required to particularize, the former (i. e., the children of my father's brother) 

 are called Jatoto Bhrata, and Jatoto Bhogny, or Klwrtoto Bhrata, and Khortoto Bhogny, according 

 to their birth ; and the latter (i. e., the children of my mother's sisters) Mashtoto Bhrata, and Mash- 

 toto Bhogny. 



"VI. All the sons of a man's brothers, as before stated, are his sons; so that all the grandsons of 

 a man's brothers are his grandsons. The sons of a man's sisters are his nephews, but the grandsons 

 of a man's sisters are his grandsons. In the next collateral line the son of a man's female cousin is 

 his nephew, and the son of this nephew is grandson." 



The grandson of a man's brothers are his Pautra (grandsons), and the granddaughters his grand- 

 daughters, Pautry. According to Bengali usage, the sons of a man's sisters are called Bhagna 

 (nephews), and the grandsons of a man's sisters are also grandsons to him. In the next collateral 



52 April, 1870. 



