64 



ANTIQUITIES IN TENNESSEE. 



Small redilish-yellow cup or pot, comiiosed of fiue 

 clay, from a stone grave (natural size). 



^'s- 33. bones. Tlie occiput and inferior portions 



of the parietal bones are flattened. The 

 effects of artificial pressure are plainly 

 manifest in the flattened occiput, dimin- 

 ished longitudinal diameter, and widely 

 separated rami of the inferior maxillary 

 bone. Four large Wormian bones are 

 found along the occipito-parietal suture. 

 The teeth are much worn. The outline 

 of this cranium may be partially com- 

 prehended from the following measure- 

 ments: facial angle, 82°; internal capacity, 

 80.5 cubic inches; longitudinal diameter, 

 6.4 inches; parietal diameter, 5.9 inches; 

 frontal diameter, 4.6 inches; vertical diameter, 5.7 inches; intermastoid arch, 15 

 inches; intermastoid line, 4.9 inches; occipito-frontal arch, 14 inches; horizontal 

 periphery, 19 inches; length of head and face, 7.3 inches; zygomatic diameter, 5.4 

 indies. 



In the other principal grave lying alongside of the one just described, a large 

 vase similar in appearance and size (9 inches in height and 22.5 inches in circum- 

 ference) to the one described above, and similarly painted with the three crosses 

 and concentric circles, was found on the left side of the skull. The only difference 

 in the painting was that the points of the scallops were represented as plaited 

 together. These markings were quite distinct when the vase was first removed from 

 the moist earth, but were almost entirely erased when the attempt was made to 

 wash off the adhering clay and sand. The shells mixed in this vase appear to have 

 been slowly decomposed, and to have lost a portion of the carbonate of lime which 

 had effloresced on the surface. This altered the pigment and destroyed its 

 tenacity. With the exception of a few large fresh-water mussel-shells, which were 

 much altered by time, nothing further of interest was discovered in this grave. These 

 mussel-shells appeared from their shape to have been artiflcially carved, and to 

 have been used as ornaments, and also as spoons or cups for dipping up food and 

 drink. 



The cranium from this stone grave presented the following characteristics: 

 superciliary ridges prominent ; nasal bones well developed and prominent ; teeth 

 somewhat worn and several carious ; occiput flattened to a considerable extent, 

 and the flattening greatest on the right side of the head; several small W^ormian 

 bones along the occipito-parietal suture; facial angle, 82°: internal capacity, 79.33 

 cubic inches; longitudinal diameter, 6.7 inches; parietal diameter, 5.5 inches; 

 frontal diameter, 4.2 inches; vertical diameter, 5.5 inches; intermastoid arch, 15 

 inches; intermastoid line, 4.4 inches; occipito-frontal arch, 13.5 inches; horizontal 

 periphery, 19.1 inches; length of head and face 7.8 inches; zygomatic diameter, 

 5.2 inches. 



The cranium from the stone grave containing the copper crosses, which we have 

 already described, presented the general characteristics of the crania of this ancient 



