EARTHWORKS ON THE BIG HARPETH RIVER. 65 



race; the occiput, however, as hi the preceding skull, was but sliglitly flattened. 

 Although the oval of tliis skull, when seen in profile, is pretty good ; at the same 

 time the cranium is not symmetrical, the left portion of the occiput near its junc- 

 tion with the left parietal bone, as well as the inferior posterior angle of the left 

 parietal bone, being decidedly flattened. The right parietal prominence is more 

 marked and thrown further back than the left, which has been pushed forward, as 

 it were, by the effects of pressure. In addition to this we have, as peculiarities 

 of the race, the elongated frontal bone, the worn teeth, and powerful inferior 

 maxilla. 



The skull from the grave lying by the side of that which contained the copper 

 crosses presents a little more flattening of the occiput than the one just noticed, 

 but much less than the compressed skull from the same mound, which has been 

 previously noticed. The pressure appears to have been greatest on the left side 

 of the cranium. The superciliary ridge is prominent, and the nasal spine unusually 

 long and well developed. The fiicial angle appears to be less than it really is 

 on account of the prominence of the nasal spine. The general form of this cranium 

 may be gathered from the following measurements : facial angle, 75° ; internal 

 capacity, 81.16 cubic inches; longitudinal diameter, 6.5 inches; parietal diameter, 

 5.7 inches; frontal diameter, 4 inches; vertical diameter, 5.6 inches; intermastoid 

 arch, 14.4 inches; intermastoid line, 5 inches; occipito-frontal arch, 13 3 inches; 

 horizontal periphery, 19.2 inches; length of head and face, 7.1 inches; zygomatic 

 diameter, 5.3 inches. 



In the grave lying parallel to the one which contained the vase painted with 

 the cross and scalloped circle, and situated on the western flank of the mound, a 

 large heavy Ijlack vase or jug was found on the right side of the skull. The neck 

 of this vessel terminates in a cone resembling a monk's hood, and the mouth opens 

 horizontally. Heiglit of vase, 9 inches; circumference, 22.5 inches. At the foot 

 of the skeleton lay a black earthenware pot or vase 6.4 inches in height, and 22 

 inches in circumference. This grave was only four and a half feet in length, and 

 the bones of the leg and thigh were flexed. From a small grave lying at the foot of 

 this, and still nearer to the outer border of the mound, Avere exhumed the bones of a 

 child, and a small black earthenware bowl or pot. Towards the northern boundary 

 of the mound, in a stone grave immediately at the foot of the two principal graves, 

 and at right angles with them, a skeleton was found with the head towards the 

 setting sun. The long bones are strongly marked by syphilitic nodes. The skull 

 is in a good state of preservation, and presents the genertil conformation of 

 the crania of this ancient race, as will be seen from the following measurements: 

 facial angle, 77°; internal capacity, 84 cubic inches; longitudinal diameter, 6.5 

 inches; parietal diameter, 5.8 inches; frontal diameter, 4.4 inches; vertical diame- 

 ter, 5.8 inches; intermastoid arch, 15.5 inches; intermastoid line, 5.2 inches; 

 occipito-frontal arch, 14.3 inches; horizontal periphery, 19.9 inches; diameter of 

 face and head, 7.4 inches; zygomatic diameter, 5.3 inches. This cranium had 

 several indentations and nodes on tlie bones, as if they had been acted on during 

 life by the syphilitic virus. The external table of the frontal bone appears to have 

 been especially aff"ected. The superciliary ridge is very rough and nodulated, and 



9 April, 1876. 



