76 



ANTIQUITIES IN TENNESSEE. 



aborigines of that State. I have seen a large stone pipe, about 14 inches in length, 

 which had the form of the male organ of generation; and another smaller one in 

 the shape of a four-footed animal. 



Fig. 42. 



Fig. 43. 



Stone pipe from the aboriginal works near Murfreesboro', Tennessee. One-quarter natural size. 



Numerous spear and arrow-heads have also been found within and around this 

 ancient earthwork, one of the most perfect of which, formed 

 of beautiful variegated white, yellow, and red jasper, is repre- 

 sented in Fig. 43. 



It is evident, from the following observations, that the 

 stone implements from the ancient earthwork on the banks 

 of the Big Harpeth "River were formed of various kinds of 

 stone which are unknown in this section of North America. 



Spear-bead, one-half 

 natural size, from the an- 

 cient works on Big Har- 

 peth, two and a half miles 

 above Franklin, Tennes- 

 see. 



I found also some fragments of mica and obsidian in this 

 locality. It is probable that the places whence some of these 

 materials were obtained were from 300 to 2000 miles distant ; 

 and the conclusion is reached that either these implements 

 were obtained during the migrations of the race from distant 

 regions, during long hunting and war expeditions, or by 

 barter from surrounding nations. 



Tlic careful exploration of the mounds and stone graves 

 within the line of these aboriginal works on the Big Harpeth 

 Eiver, has yielded important information concerning the mode of burial, the cha- 

 racter of the crania, the works of art, and the warfore of the race which constructed 

 the earthworks and erected the mounds; and has also resulted in the discovery of 

 copper crosses, of vases with various symbolic paintings (amongst which has been 

 noted the cross), and of bones extensively diseased, and bearing unmistakable marks 

 of syphilitic inflammation. 



A small image in my possession, formed of white clay, found in middle Tennes- 

 see, painted with tlfe same black pigment as their vases, and dressed in what 

 appears by the markings to be a woven garment, has a cross painted on both 

 shoulders. 



The front and profile views of this small hollow image are represented in Figures 

 44 and 45 ; about one-sixth natural size. 



The small black image (Fig. 9) has three prominences on the head ornament; 

 the stone hatchet, with the stone handle from the same mound, has three marks on 

 the end of the handle ; the beautiful shell ornamcnit, from the same locality, has 



