58 ARCH^OLOGICAL AND ETHNOLOGICAL 



and vvouuded in the nose to excite his rage. As soon as he enters the ring he 

 o-ets fri"-htened by the yelling of the spectators, and instead of attacking the Tor- 

 reros who seek to fight him, lie runs around the square looking for an outlet to get 

 away. To make him fight the Torreros on horseback and on foot keep around 

 him, holding their ponchos before his face, wliich he wards off with his horns 

 and rarely attacks man or horse. If he does, footman and rider fly to keep out of 

 danger. Torreros and spectators keep yelling, the latter also discharging rockets. 

 All this increases the anxiety of the bull to get away. When the Torreros get 

 tired of chasing the bull, and lack the skill to kill him by the artistic stroke in 

 the neck, they wound him with their swords on the legs, belly, or other part of his 

 body; and, to prevent his escape, cut the sinews of his legs until he falls down to 

 receive the last stroke. After dispatching one bull, another is brought into the 

 square to be treated in a similar way. 



These bull fights lasted four days; and every day four or five bulls were killed. 

 Every year a committee is chosen called mayor domos, to arrange and defray the 

 expenses of these festivals. Each mayor domo has to furnish a bull, and on the 

 day his bull enters the square he gives a dinner to his acquaintance. To such a 

 dinner I was invited, together with the family of the highest official in the town, 

 in whose house I resided. Other families received their friends in the afternoons 

 and evenings, to whom various cakes and alcoholic liquors were ofiiered. 



I was detained in San Marcos eight days, it being impossible to hire any beasts 

 or to find a guide who Avould leave the place before the conclusion of the festivals. 



The next place of importance which I visited was Whuamatschuco (Germ, spell.). 

 In fact the neighborhood of that town is the most interesting part of Peru to the 

 arch?eologist on account of its majestic ruins, which deserve a special survey. 



First of these, about two leagues to the southwest of the city, is Marca Whua- 

 machuco, which was the strongest fortress of the Incas, and looks as though it had 

 been constructed by a modern engineer. It occupies an area two miles long and 

 a mile wide, on a hill, or rather a group of hills. The most conspicuous architec- 

 tural remains are on the tops of these hills. Some of them are twenty feet high, 

 and most of them belonged to edifices of a quadrangular form. The corners of 

 these were of hewn stones with their longest axis perpendicular. The remainder 

 of the walls was built of rough stone with their flat side outward in such manner 

 that the front of the wall presented an even surface. The interstices were filled 

 with a material consisting of sand and small stones without any indication of lime. 



The most interesting structure was one of a roundish form without being strictly 

 circular. It had two walls, eight feet apart, which were still twenty feet high, 

 three feet thick near the ground, and something less at the top. The space between 

 these two walls had been divided into three stories, each nine feet high. There 

 were very few windows, some one foot, others two feet square. The doors were 

 two feet and a half wide and six feet high. They were not arched, their lintels 

 having been of wood, as is indicated by the empty space which they once occupied. 

 The ceilings of these apartments were once likewise of wood, the beams resting on 

 projecting stones. On the space occupied by the round structure were remains of 

 quadrangular edifices divided into several apartments each. 



