10 FLAKED AND CHIPPED STONE. 



(Fig. 7, brown jasper, Oregon). There are varieties of this type, in 

 which the sides appear more or less convex, or straight near the base to a 

 certain distance, where they form obtuse angles or shoulders from which 

 they converge to the point. 



e. Notched at the sides near the base, which is straight (Fig. 8, jaspery agate, 



Texas), concave (Fig. 9, light-brown hornstone, Tennessee), or convex 

 (Fig. 10, gray hornstone, Ohio).^ 



f. Stemmed. — Expanding stem, base straight (Fig. 11, light-colored flint, 



Ohio), concave (Fig. 12, dark-gray hornstone, Pennsylvania), or convex 

 (Fig. 13, silicified wood, Ohio). — Straight-sided truncated stem; sides of 

 stem pai-allel (Fig. 14, gray hornstone, Ohio), or converging toward the 

 base (Fig. 15, quartz. District of Columbia) . In such specimens the base 

 of the stem is straight or concave. — Rounded or more or less tapering 

 stem (Fig. 16, light-brown flint; Fig. 17, brownish hornstone; Fig. 18, 

 gray hornstone. All from Tennessee). "With the arrow-heads character- 

 ized by a tapering stem may be classed those of a perfect lozenge form, 

 which, as stated, arc comparatively scarce. 



g. Barbed and stemmed. — There is much difference in the shape and length of 



the barbs, and the stems are truncated, rounded or taj^ering, etc., thus 

 presenting nearly all the forms seen in unbarbed stemmed arrow-heads 

 (Fig. 19, gray-brown hornstone, Tennessee; Fig. 20, brown semi-opal, 

 Oregon; Fig. 21, green semi-opal, Oregon). 



In addition, many arrow-heads, belonging by their general shape to one or 

 the other of the classes just enumerated, are modified in different ways. The 

 peculiarity of some consists in their being beveled along both edges on oppo- 

 site sides, so as to form in the cross-section a figure resembling a long- 

 stretched rhomboid (Fig. 22, gray flint, Tennessee) ; others exhibit serrated 

 edges (Fig. 23, gray flint, Oregon ; Fig. 21, yellow jasper, Louisiana) ; and in 

 a number of specimens the stem is bifurcated (Fig. 25, gray jasper, Tennes- 

 see). 



6i Spear-heads. — The articles brought under this head are almost as varied 

 in shape as those designated as arrow-heads, and in many instances they pre- 

 sent exactly the same forms, the only distinguishing feature being their larger 

 size.'' As before stated, many of the so-called spear-heads may have been 

 inserted in wooden handles, to serve as cutting tools. 



'In quite a number of notched flint arrow-heads with convex base, and also in many spear-heads (?) of 

 corresponding shape, the curved base-edge exhibits a marlved polish, as tliough they iiad been employed as 

 scraping or smoothing tools. The polish is not intentionally produced, but evidently the result of a long- 

 continued use, totally difl'erent from that for which these articles would seem to have been designed. 



'In separating arrow-heads from the larger objects of similar shape, the writer follows a usage rather 

 than his own inclination. 



