SMITHSOKI^VN ARCH^OLOGICAL COLLECTION. 



19 



66, dark hornstone, 'New York) ; in others it extends througli their wliole 

 length (Fig. 67, Pennsylvania). There are implements which, though exliilj- 

 iting no concavity, somewhat partake of the character of gouges. They can 

 be likened to celts in which the edged portion is jilano-convex, so as to pro- 

 duce a hollow cut. They may, in part, have served as adze-heads. Certain 



CUISELS, GOUGES AND ADZES (-]).' 



gouge-like tools (Avith or without concavities at the cutting edge), which 

 are provided on the convex side with grooves, ridges, or conical eleva- 

 tions, likewise may have formed the heads of adzes, the contrivances just 

 mentioned f;icilitating their attachment to handles (Fig. 68, greenstone, Mass- 

 achusetts) . 



4. Adzes. — There are in the Smithsonian collection some unmistakable 

 adzes — perhaps not very old — derived from the !N"orthwest Coast. One of 

 them (Fig. 69) consists of a dark kind of silicious stone (hornstone), and was 

 obtained in British Columl^ia. The method of hafting these implements is 

 exemplified by a handled adze (Fig. 70) used by the natives of Oregon. The 

 head, consisting of greenstone, is ten inches long, and connected with the 

 wooden handle by means of split twigs of some flexiljle kind of wood. There 

 are in the collection other adzes from the N^orthwest Coast, hafted in a differ- 

 ent manner (Fig. 71). In these specimens the small adze-heads of green 

 serpentine are celt-shaped, and rest against a shoiilder of the crooked handle, 

 where they are secured by sti'ips of raw-hide, or Ijy cord. 



5. Grooved Axes, — Owing to their frequency, these implements may be 

 counted among the best-known relics of the al)origincs ; and especially in the 

 rural districts of the older States "Indian stone tomahawks" ai-e familiar 

 objects. In general they can be defined as wedges encircled by a groove, 



