SMITHSONIAN ARCH^OLOGICAL COLLECTION. 45 



A vory remarkable tube of striped slate, thirteen inches long, and termina- 

 ting at one end in a broad mouth-piece, was obtained by Messrs. Squier and 

 Davis in a mound near Chillicothe, during their survey of the al:)original 

 earthworks in the State of Ohio. This specimen, represented by a cast in 

 the collection (No. 7243), is figured and described on page 224 of the "An- 

 cient Monuments of the Mississijapi Valley "' by Squier and Davis, forming the 

 first volume of Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge. 



18i Pipes, — Xo class of aboriginal productions of art exhibits a greater 

 diversity of form than the pipes carved from stone or moidded in clay. In- 

 deed, a volume would be required for figuring and describing the vai'ious 

 shapes of these utensils, the manufacture of which offered to the aljoriginal 

 artist an unlimited scope for displaying his individual skill and ingenuity. 

 Some of the more marked types only can be noticed in this account. Stone 

 was the material chiefly used in the manufacture of these smoking utensils, 

 though pipes of clay ai*e by no means uncommon.^^ In the following enumer- 

 ation of typical pipes of earlier date those of clay have been included — some- 

 what in violation of the plan of arrangement — in order to avoid the necessity 

 of treating them separately in the section relating to the ceramic manufact- 

 ures of the aborigines. 



Numerous stone pipes of a peculiar type were obtained, many years ago, by 

 Messrs. Squier and Davis duiing their survey of the ancient earthworks in 

 the State of Ohio. They have been minutely described and figured by them 

 in the first volume of Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge. The origi- 

 nals of these remai'kable smoking utensils (prcsentl}^ to be described) are now 

 in the Blackmore Museum at Salisbuiy, England; but the National Museum 

 possesses casts of them, Avhich enable visitors to become acquainted with their 

 character. These pipes were formerly thought to be chiefly made of a kind 

 of jiorphyry, a substance, which, by its hardness, would have rendered their 

 production extremely difficult. That view, however, was erroneous; for since 

 their transfer to the Blackmore Museum they have been carefidly examined 

 and partly analyzed by Professor A. H. Church, who found them to consist of 

 softer materials, such as compact slate, argillaceous ironstone, ferruginous 

 chlorite, and calcareous minerals.-'" Nevertheless, they constitute the most 

 remarkable class of aboriginal products of art thus far discovered; for some 

 of them are so skillfully executed that a modern ai'tist, notwithstanding his 

 far superior metallic tools, would find no little difficulty in reproducing them. 



=^The iiiwigators who first visited the Atlantic Coast of North America noticed copper pipes among the 

 natives, as, for instance, Robert Juet, wlio served under Hudson as mate in tlie Ualf-Moon. Such pipes 

 must be very rare. There are none in tlie Smithsonian collection. 



""The subject is fully treated in '-Flint Chips," by E. T. Stevens, London, 1870. From lliis valuable 

 work the drawings of some of the pipes recovered by Messrs. Squier and Davis are here copied, the original 

 woodcuts used iu illustrating the "Ancient Monuments of the Mississippi Valley" having been destroyeil by 

 the fire which visited the Smithsonian building in 18C5. Figs. 117 to 1S4 are reproductions of illustrations 

 contained iu Mr. Stevens' work. 



