48 



PECJCED, GROUND AND POLISHED STONE. 



anything- tlnckcr than a straw or a very thin reed. Yet most of the pipes of 

 earlier date, occurring eitlier in monnds or on the sm-face of tlie ground, are 

 provided with a hole of suitable size for the reception of a stem. A very 

 remarkable stone pipe of this character, obtained during the survey of the 

 Ohio earthworks by Squier and Davis, was found within an ancient enclosure, 

 twelve miles below the city of Chillicothe. It represents the body of a bird 

 with a human head exhibiting strongly marked Indian features (Fig. 182). 

 The original, not having been exposed to the action of fire, is in an excellent 

 state of preservation, and retains its original beautiful polish. 



The name "calumet-pipes" has been given to large stone pipes which were 

 smoked with a stem, and are usually fashioned in imitation of a bird, mammal, 

 or amphil^ian, and sometimes of the human figure. They were thus called on 

 account of their bulk, which seemed to indicate their character as pipes of 

 ceremony, to be used on solemn occasions. It was further thought these pipes 

 had not been the property of individuals, but that of communities, a view 

 which does not seem to be altogether correct, since some have been discovered 

 in burial-mounds, accompanying a single skeleton. 



A pipe of the kind just mentioned is made of ferruginous sandstone, and 

 represents rather rudel}' a human figure with a snake folded around its neck 

 (Fig. 183, cast. Paint Creek, Ross County, Ohio). The face is marked with 

 incised lines. Another large calumet-pipe, carved in imitation of a quadruped 

 of the canine family (probably a wolf), consists of chloi-ite, and was found in 

 Eoss County, Ohio (Fig. 184, cast). The National Museum possesses one of 



the finest calumet-pipes thus 

 far discovered in the United 

 States. It is Iwldly cut oiit of 

 potstone, and represents a bird 

 with a strongly curved beak, ' 

 i:)erhaps an eagle, which stands 

 on a high pedestal, showing 

 in front an inverted human 

 fiice bearing incised lines. The 

 boA\l rises from the back of the 

 bird. This remarkable aborig- 

 inal carving (Fig. 185), Avhich 

 jiartakes somewhat of a "Pro- 

 methean" character, and may 

 have reference to an event or 

 to some religious conception, 

 the State of 



m 



STONE PIPE. 



was found 

 Kentucky. 



There are many small jnpes Avhich, though they were smoked with stems, 

 are not provided with projections or necks for their insertion, thus resembling 

 one of the calumet-pipes just noticed (Fig. 183). The holes designed to hold 



