50 PECKED, GROUND AND POLISHED STONE. 



of a compact argillaceous stone and representing a parrot, was derived from 

 the State of New York. In another class of pipes, S9mewhat analogous to 

 the preceding type, the barrel-shaped bowl rises from a sort of handle pierced 

 Avith a hole for the stem (Fig. 189, argillaceous stone, Ohio). Pipes of this 

 character may not be very old.^^ 



Passing over to the pipes provided with necks, a typical class deserves 

 mention, in which the almost cylindrical very high bowl stands upon a flat 

 perforated base prolonged beyond the bowl, to form a sort of handle. In 

 some the perforation of the neck is very narrow, and these were probably 

 smoked without stems, like the pipes obtained from moi;nds in Ohio, to which 

 they bear some analogy (Fig. 190, Virginia). The specimens of this descrip- 

 tion seen by the writer were made of chlorite. 



In the districts formci-ly inhabited by the Iroquois tribes, and in the neigh- 

 boring parts, there have been found pij^es of stone and clay in Avhich the con- 

 nection of the bowl with the neck forms a curve (Fig. 191, serpentine, New 

 York). Some of these pipes, more especially specimens of burned clay, ex- 

 hibit elegant outlines, almost reminding one of a cornucopia. The length of 

 the neck in some of the specimens and their narrow bore seem to indicate 

 that they were smoked without separate stems, like the common clay pipes 

 now in use, in which bowl and stem are united. A very beautiful, highly 

 polished steatite pipe of the collection is carved in imitation of a lizard (Fig. 

 192, Pennsylvania). The straight neck or stem apparently forms the animal's 

 tail, and its toes are indicated by incised lines. 



Many of the j^ipes formerly used by the aborigines, and made either of stone 

 or clay, approach in general character certain pipes common among civilized 

 races, being furnished with distinct necks by which they were attached to 

 stems. Such pipes are often of large dimensions, and their bowls pi-ovided 

 with wide cavities for holding a considerable quantity of the smoking material. 

 These large specimens, or calumets, nearly always consist of stone, and their 

 bowls and necks are round or four-sided in the cross section (Fig. 193, pot- 

 stone, North Carolina). Incised lines, raised rims and other ornaments, char- 

 acterize the more elaborate specimens of this kind. A beautiful serpentine 

 pipe of smaller size, and, perhaps, not very old, shows a quadrilateral rim with 

 a human head carved at each corner (Fig. 194, Texas). Several small stone 

 pipes of the collection are remarkable for their low broad-rimmed bowls and 

 the prolongation of the necks beyond the bowls. One of the specimens of 

 this character, which consists of compact limestone, is evidently very old, 

 being entirely covered with a white crust produced by decay (Fig. 195, 

 mound in Kentucky) .^^ 



Clay pipes of kindred character, moulded into almost every conceivable 

 shape, frequently occur in aboriginal graves as well as on the surface. The 



■■'The type occurs among the pipes cnrvcd by modern Indians. 



"Tlie pipes made of red pipestone or Catliuite, wliich are represented by numerous specimens in tlie 

 collection, belong to more recent times. 



