LUCERN A RI^ AND TUEIR ALLIES. 101 



ought, it would seem, in order to be consistent, to diverge in the partitions of the 

 uinbolla toward the proximate points in tlie gastropliragma, instead of trending 

 directly to the chondromyoplax {Jhj. 61, b). In the pi'(huicle (^| 198) we shall 

 see that they exhibit still less relationship witli the gastropliragma. 



198. The Chondrophys of the Pechmcle (^[ 71).— The fibre-cells (Z^. 52, c',c-') of 

 this layer in the peduncle have the same form, properties, and no doubt the same 

 origin as those in tlie umbella, but they are so singularly arranged as to make them 

 worthy of special consideration. Those lying next the periphery trend in direct 

 parallel lines from tlie ectopliragma ( /'') to the lining wall (gastrophragma) of the 

 four camerse (r'), except where they are interrupted in their course by the four 

 muscular cords, and in that case their proximal ends abut against the latter (/•). 

 Beside the peripheral set there are no less than seven others ; and these do not 

 reach to the ectophragma, but are restricted to an area witliin the circle of the four 

 camerae and the four muscular cords. Five of these sets lie between every two 

 adjoining camcra[>, crossing eacli other at either very acute or very obtuse angles. 

 The sixth and seventh cross each other at right angles through the axis of the 

 peduncle. In all cases they curve outwardly to a greater or less extent toward the 

 axis. For the sake of convenience we will give each set a number, supposing tlie 

 oliserver to be on the outside of the peduncle, and one of the muscular bands (r) 

 nearest him. In what we may call set number one the fibres extend from the 

 proximal face of tlie three-sided muscle to the camera on the riyhl, diverging in 

 sucli a way that those arising on the extreme right of the muscle seek the nearest 

 point of the camera, striking at about half way between its distal and proximal 

 sid(\s, while those arising on the extreme left of the muscle run to the proximal 

 side of the camera, and those starting from intermediate points on the muscle 

 strike intermediate points on the camera. Set number ttco start from the same face 

 of the muscle as number one, but trend to tlie left, and abut against corresponding 

 points in the camera on that side. Consequently the fibres of sets numbers one and 

 two cross each other at right angles. The fibres of set number three arise from a 

 limited area half way between the proximal and distal side of the camera on the 

 right end, converging slightly, trend to the left and strike the camera on that side 

 at its proximal border. Set number /o?(r are arranged exactly as in number three, 

 but originate on the left and terminate on the right, the fibres of the two crosshig 

 each other and also those of set number one and two at an obtuse angle. The 

 fibres of set number _^«e pass in the most direct way between two adjoining camera?, 

 arising at all intermediate points between the proximal side of the camera; and a 

 point half way to the distal side. They therefore cross the sets, number one, two, 

 three, and four, at a variety of angles, which gives them, when taken together, a 

 very complicated api)earance. So far the sets between any two adjoining camenr 

 are unmixed with those of any other two; but we come now to two si-ts, number 

 six and seven, which partially bind them to each other. Set number six, instead 

 of joining two neighboring camera?, connect two which are diagonally ojjpa'^ite ; 

 for instance, the nearest on the right and the most distant on tlie left. Tlie fibres 

 then cross the axis of tlie ])eduncle, and abut against the proximal side of the 

 camene, and for a sliort distance toward the distal side. In doing this they cross, 



