A STUDY IN MORBID AND NORMAL PHYSIOLOGY. 



161 



loss. In this way, both in the fevered and in the healthy individual, the cold bath 

 greatly stimulates heat production. 



Now it is plainly to be expected that the degree ot this stimulation will be in 

 direct proportion to the difierence between the temperature of the animal or man 

 and the external cold. The bath of uniform temperature, such as was used by 

 Liebermeister, is not unitorm in its relations to tlie fevered and non-fevered man. 

 Take for example, a bath of 90°; to the normal individual it is a tepid bath 

 only 8°.5 lower than las own temperature, to the patient with a temperature of 

 106° it is a cool bath 16° below his own temperature. Important, then, as the 

 research of Liebermeister is, the most that can be fairly claimed for it is that it 

 indicates increased heat production as present in fever. 



Leyden's experiments were upon a very different plan. He encased a limb of a 

 patient in a calorimeter, similar in its general idea to tliat employed in the present 

 research by myself, but of course entirely different in the plan of its construction 

 {Deutsche Archiv, Bd. III. p. 282). The details of these experiments, and of the 

 form and construction of the calorimeter, may be found in the paper quoted (or in 

 English, in Dr. Burdon Sanderson's article " On the Process of Fever," Reports of 

 the Medical Officer of the Prlnj Council, No. YL, 1875). I shall not recite them. 



Prof Leyden, in his first series of experiments with the legs naked {op. cif., p. 

 288), found in three healthy men the average heat dissipation of the limb per hour 

 was 0.165 French units ; in four fever observations (three cases) it was 0.319. More- 

 over, in two of the fever patients, comparative studies were made : thus, in No. 4, 

 when the bodily temperature was 40°. 2 C. the hourly heat discharge was 0.33; 

 when the bodily temperature was 39°. 8 C, the hourly heat discharge was 0.245; 

 in No. 6, when the bodily temperature was 39°.8 C, the hourly heat discharge was 

 30 ; when the bodily temperature was 36°. 7 C, the hourly heat discharge was 0.14. 

 A series of observations was made upon a case of relapsing fever. The more im- 

 portant of these observations are tabulated in the following table ; in the prepara- 

 tion of wliich I have used the tabulated resume prepared by Burdon Sanderson; — 



Case I — Relapsing Fever. 



E EM ARKS. 



Kxfrcmitics undressptl. Weight 150 pounds. 

 Moderate amount of .sweat under hose. 

 Distinct sweat under Lose. 

 Damp under hose. 



Much sweat, bodily temperature during operation 



fell to 37° C. 

 A decided chill during this observation. 



