PREFACE. Vir 



Commission. My principal adviser among these gentlemen was Captain Joseph 

 W. Collins, who very obligingly aided me with his great experience whenever I 

 had occasion to ask him for an expression of his opinion. The Trustees of the 

 Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology, at Cambridge, 

 Massachusetts, kindly loaned for my use, at the request of the Secretary of the 

 Smithsonian Institution, their collection of Swiss lacustrine articles employed in 

 fishing, and I was thus enabled to extend my observations and descriptions. In 

 connection with the Peabody Museum, I have to mention its Curator, Professor 

 F. W. Putnam, by whom the objects, accompanied with full descriptions, were 

 forwarded to the Smithsonian Institution. 



Many other gentlemen have manifested their interest in my work by loan- 

 ing me specimens, or transmitting photographs or drawings, always with the 

 necessary — sometimes quite lengthy — explanations, and to some I am under 

 obligations for accounts of explorations of artificial shell-deposits carried on by 

 them. Yet, as in all instances the names of these co-laborers are given in the 

 text, in connection with the information furnished by them, I may here confine 

 myself to a general expression of my gratitude. 



The illustrations in this work were nearly all made under my immediate 

 supervision by the skillful artist, Mr. Charles F. Trill, and may be relied on as 

 being either faithful copies of already published designs, or correct representa- 

 tions of objects specially drawn for this work, the majority of the latter being 

 specimens belonging to the United States National Museum.* All of Mr. Trill's 

 drawings were reproduced by the New York Photo-engraving Company (67 

 Park Place). In addition, I had the use of a number of cuts which had pre- 

 viously served to illustrate Smithsonian publications or other works. I am 

 indebted to Messrs. Harper & Brothers for electrotypes of Figs. 29, 32, and 37, 

 used in my small Avork "Early Man in Europe" (copja-ighted in 1876); of Figs. 

 Ill, 112, and 113, published in Mitchell's "Past in the Present" (not copy- 

 righted); and of Figs. 396 to 404, illustrating Squier's "Peru" (copyrighted in 

 1877). To these latter special reference is made in a note on page 332 of this 

 work. To Colonel Charles C. Jones I am under obligations for the loan of the 

 block of Fig. 337 ; Dr. Emil Bessels placed the cuts of Figs. 19, 20, and 21 at 

 my disposal, and Professor Putnam accommodated me with those of Figs. 352 



* To these illustrations the catalogue-numbers of the originals are always juxtaposited. 



