120 



PREHISTORIC FISHING. 



it is, they may have served in the manner indicated, or as parts of fish-hooks, or 

 in some other way not yet explained. 



Fig. 174.— Santa Cruz Island. 

 (26237). 



Fig 175.— Santa Cruz Island. 

 (262.-i7). 



Fig. 170.— Santa Cruz Island. Fig. 177.— Santa Rosa Island. 

 (20237). (23680). 



All 1. 



Figs. 174-177. — Double-poiuted boue iraplemeuts. 



Fish-hooks. — It does not appear that fish-hooks entirely made of silicious 

 material, like those described by Professor Nilsson, have been found in 

 North America; but hooks constructed of flint or chalcedony and bone have 

 occurred in Greenland. Dr. Gustav Klenim describes and represents such a 

 specimen obtained from an old grave in that countiy. Fig. 178 is a rejiroduction 

 of his illustration. The curved bone shank and piece of worked flint are bound 

 together with a narrow strip of whalebone, and the line attached to the upper 

 end of the shank consists of twisted vegetable fibre.* 



Another somewhat similar specimen from a grave in Southern Greenland 

 is in the Ethnological Museum at Copenhagen. It attracted the special attention 

 of Dr. Emil Bessels during a visit to that city in 1881, and the distinguished 

 artist. Captain A. P. Madsen, made for him a drawing of the object. That gen- 

 tleman's design is here copied as Fig. 179. The shank, pierced with four holes, 

 and nearly cylindrical in its upper part, but worked flat lower downward, is 

 made from a bone of some quadruped, and shows a brown coloration, like bones 

 extracted from peat-bogs. The chipped hook consists of bluish-white chalcedony. 

 Both shank and hook were found together, but without ligature, this connecting 

 medium having yielded to the effects of decay. The re-uniting of the two parts 



*Klemm: AUgemeine Cullurwissenschaft ; Werkzeuge und Wiiffeii ; Leipzig, ISSl; p. 61, Fig. 101. 



