14 DEEP-SEA KISHE.S OF IHE ATLANTIC I5ASIN. 



CENTROPHORUS t^ALCElIS, Lovvk. 



Criilio2)lii>nis cahriis (LowE), HoCAdK :iml t'.MMi.l.o, ApiMitnineiilus Iclitli. il.- I'<iiiiin:il, l'i:ixi-» Plaj^'iost., 



Lisbon, 1X66, 2:1 

 .Icanthicliiim cdlceiin, LowK, I'. Z. S., LoiicL, 18S!), 93. 

 (■(■ntrophonis calcens, Lowi:, loc. ell. 18-J3, 93.— n(>CA(;K ami Cai-ei.i.o. Pcix.'s Plu^jios;., 2S, ]il. 2, tin. 1-— 



C'APEi.i.o, .)orii. Acad. 8i'. Lisboa, il, 144.— GOntiiku, Cat., viii, 423. 

 Centrophorus crepidnlhua, Capki.lo, Pioc. Zool. Soc, 18tU, 261, fi^. 2.— C:;t. Pei.K. Pnil., 1X80, 48. 



Tlio labial fold extcnd.s for some distance along- the niaigiu of tUc Ja \vs. Snout spatulate, 

 much produced, th(! distance bctweeu the nostrils being less than one third of the length of 

 the pra>oral portion of the snout. Lower angle of the pectoral fin rounded, not produced; 

 the length of the Itases of the two dorsal fins (without the spines) is nearly eciual, and one- 

 half of the distance between them; e.vtremity of the ventral fins below the middle of the 

 second dorsal fin. The scales are small, tricmpid, and so minute as to give a velvety appear- 

 ance to the skin. (Giinthrr.) 



This form occurs off the coasts of Portugal and Madeira. 



CENTROSCYMNUS, Socage and Capello. 



Centroscymnus, Bocark and Cai'ELLO, Proc. Zoiil. Soc, 1864, 263; (type, CtnlroacijmiiiiKctclohph. Kocaj^eand 



Cajwllo). — .Jordan and Gilbkut, Bull, xvi, U. S. Xat. Miis., 17. 

 Centrosojmnm (subgenus], Gunther, Cat. Pish. Brit. Mus., vui, 423. 



Dorsal fins each with a spine, wliicli is hidden hdoir the skin. Mouth wide, but little 

 arched; a long, deep, straight, oblique groove on each side of the mouth. Teeth of the lower 

 jaw oblique, with the point more or less directed (Uitwards; upper teeth lanceolate, on a 

 quadrangular base, with a single cusp. Spiracles wide, behind the eye. Gill openings narrow. 



CENTROSCYMNUS CCELOLEPIS, Bocage and Capei.i.o. (Figure 13.) 



Centroaoijmnus crelolepU, BocAdE and Capeli.o, Proc. Zi)ill. Sdc, 1864, 263, tig. 4; Peix. Plagiost., 39, pi. 2, 

 fig. 3.— Capkli.o, Joiu. Acad. Sc. Lisb., ii, 144, plato of teeth ; Cat. Peix. Port., 1880, 49.— Wkight, 

 Ann. and Mag. N. H., 1868, 426.— Goode and Bean, Bull. PZssex Inst., 1877, 80.— Vaii.laxt, Exp. Scient. 

 Trav. and Talisman, 63, pi. ii, tig.l. 



Ccntropluirus culolepin, GiJNTHEU, up. oil. , viii, 423. 



Labial groove prolonged forwards, but separated by a broad space from that of the 

 other side. Upper teeth very small, narrow and lanceolate. The distance between the nos- 

 trils is rather less than one-half the length of the pneoral portion of the snout. Lower angle 

 of the pectoral rounded, not prodnceil. Dorsal fins short, es])ecially the first, the length of 

 which (without the spine) is only about one-sixth its distance from the second; extremity of 

 the ventrals below the end of the second dorsal. Scales on the head and nape with striiu; 

 the others smooth, with a depression at the base. Uniform blackish brown, ((fiinfher.) 



Capello records the species from Setubal, and J. Y. Johnson obtained an example from 

 the sea of Madeira. The species is abundant on the offshore banks of New England, at the 

 depth of '200 fatlioms and more. It is ovoviviparous, like S(ii(alus. 



The naturalists of the French expedition made some very interesting ob.servations upon 

 t lie breeding habits of this shark, in August, 1881. Most of the females were in condition of 

 gestation. The number of young varied from thirteen to fifteen. These were of various 

 sizes — from 10 to IfiO millimeters — and Vaillaiit, in his report ^p. GO), gives interesting 

 details concerning them. It is the idea of Vtiillant that these females, at the approach of 

 the breeding season, come nearer to tlie surface of the water in order to find a greater heat, 

 the temperature at the great depths where they are supposed ordinarily to live not being- 

 sufficient to develop the young. He remarks, however, that the specimens taken near 

 Setubal, in deei>er water were evidently very near the period of ])aitarition. and that it is 

 evident that the removal to warmer temperature is not always iiidisiieusable. 



