DISCUSSION OF SPECIES AND THEIR DISTRIBUTION. 33 



HARRIOTTA RALEIGHANA, Goode and Bean, n. s. (Figures 37-40.) 



Tail extended in a very long fliameut, imieli longer in the older individuals than in the 

 young, in which no filament exists. The first dorsal fin separated from the second by an 

 interval nearly ecjual to the diameter of the eye in the older individuals, very much greater in 

 the younger ones, in which the cartilaginous portion is exceedingly narrow and higii. The 

 second dorsal fin long and low, its lieight about equal to the diameter of the eye, its length 

 equal to that of the head. The spine preceding the first dorsal flu is very strong; its length 

 in the older individuals equal to the distance from its own base to the origin of the second 

 dorsal; in the young it is proportionately much longer and stouter, and there is also a 

 double row of strong spines in advance of the second dorsal, and in the notch between 

 the second dorsal and its continuation upon the upper part of the tail; and theie is 

 a similar group of at least six strong spines upon the top of the head back of the inter- 

 orbital space, and surrounded by the curve of the forward extension of the lateral line. 

 Traces of these spines may be felt beneath the skin in older individuals of both sexes. 

 Claspers in the young male examined, small and simple, in length scarcely equal to two- 

 thirds of the long diameter of the eye. Pectoral fins immense, wing-like, rounded in the 

 young, subtalcate in the older individuals; inserted slightly in advanct' of the origin of the 

 first dorsal, and extending in the older forms beyond the root of the ventral. Ventrals also 

 subtalcate; similar in form and appearance to the pectoral, and extending to a iioint at two- 

 thirds of the distance from the origin to the end of the second dorsal; in length little less 

 than half the snout. In the young the ventrals are placed somewhat farther back and reach 

 to a point under the origin of the thiixl section of the dorsal fin. The tail is prolonged in 

 a slender filament, and in the older individuals the cutaneous flap upon its lower edge is 

 three or four times as deep as that above, and extends l)eyond it anteriorly and posteriorly. 

 In the younger specimens the upper and lower flaps are about equal in height, and the 

 upper flap extends far in advance of the insertion of the lower one. The lateral line extends 

 in a straight line from a point beneath the origin of the first dorsal approximately to the 

 middle of the lower caudal lobe, which it follows along its base for the renuiinder of its 

 course; in advance of the dorsal fin it bends downward in an elliptical course, and then 

 rises vertically from the occiput to join its counterpart from the other side; bridle-like 

 extensions of the same system extend on the sides of the head under the eyes, curving 

 upward in front of the eye, then downward and Joining on the under side of the snout to 

 a branch running from beneath the eye downward to the base of the pectoral fin in the 

 young, or under the throat to a junction in the older ones, and also forward ti-om the same 

 Ijoiut under the eyes to join on either side the circle which surrounds the mouth. An elabo- 

 rate system of mucous pores upon all sides of the snout; on the under surface of the snout 

 in four longitudinal series. In the older individuals there is an extension of the lateral 

 line system on either side of the midrib on the snout to its tip, and there are also sym- 

 metri(!al continuations of the same upon the under surface of the snout. Color, brown ; 

 caudal filament pale. 



The diameter of the eye is contaiiu^l 5i times in tlie length of the snout in the older 

 specimens, and the distance between the eyes is equal to their diameter. 



Of this species we have seen four si^ecimens, the largest, a female (No. 39415, U. S. N. 

 M.), 25 inches in length, from 39° 44' 30" N. lat., 70o 30' 45" W. Ion., in 1,081 tathoms. taken 

 by the steamer Albatross. Another, a male (No. 38200, LT. S. N. 31.), 19i inches in length, 

 was taken by the Albatross in 36° 45' N. lat., 74° 28' 30" W. Ion., at a depth of 781 fathoms. 

 A third, a young individual (No. 35520, U. S. N. M.), 4 inches in length, was obtainei by 

 the Albatross in 39° 37' 45" N. hit., 11° IS' 45" W. Ion., in 991 fathoms. Still another. No. 

 35631, was taken at station 2235, lat. 39° 12', Ion. 72° 03' 30", 707 fathoms. 



The species is named in honor of Sir Walter Ealeigh, by whom the first English scien- 

 tific explorer was sent to the New World. 

 19868— No. 2 3 



