DISCUSSION OF SPECIES AND THEIR DISTRIIUITIOX. 59 



thirds as long as the horizontal diameter of the pupil and twice as loni;- as those in the 

 outer series. The lower jaws are enormously strong, and broad, tiatteued below, the width 

 measured on the under surface of the head, equal to twothmls the width of the broad inter- 

 orbital space The lower jaw projects outside of the ujiper jaw at the sides a distance 

 apparently equal to half its width, and considerably iu front; the lower jaws are thickly 

 studded with depressible teeth, many of tliem, especially the larger inner ones, strongly 

 barbed, those in front claw-like, recurved. On the palatines, three rows of teeth, the mid- 

 dle ones very much enlarged and most of them strongly barbed — these being the largest of 

 all the teeth. On the tongue a few weaker teeth, and groups of similar teeth upon the 

 vomer. Gill lamina^ gill rakers, and pseudobranchia' as described by Dr. Giiuther. 



The dorsal tin contains 17 rays, and is inserted at a distance from the tip of the snout 

 equal to the length of its own base, and slightly greater than one-third of the standard 

 body length. The fourth or longest ray is eqiral in length to the greatest height of the 

 body. The first ray is a rudiment; the second is nearly half as long as the third; the third 

 shghtly shorter than the fourth ; after the fourth the rays diminish rapidly in length to the 

 ninth, which is about half as long as the lower jaw, and subsecjuent to which the diminution 

 is gradual ; the last ray is about as long as the first. 



There is no adipose dorsal ; if ever present, it was obliterated before the specimen came 

 into our possession. 



The anal fin contains 11 rays, and is inserted considerably behind the vertical from 

 the termination of the dorsal, at a distance ecpial to the horizontal diameter of the eye; the 

 length of its base is equal to half that of the dorsal, the length of its longest ray (the third) 

 equal to that of the eighth of the dorsal. 



The caudal is slightly forked, its middle rays two-thirds as long as those in the upper 

 lobe, and about equal to the seventh dorsal ray. 



The pectoral fin consists of 15 rays, is inserted under the fourth scale of the lateral 

 line, and at a distance iu front of the dorsal ef^ual to half the greatest height of the body. 

 Its length is equal to that of the lower jaw, and the seventh ray is prolonged to a length 

 equal to that of the head, its tip extending to the perpendicular from the twelfth dorsal ray. 



The ventral is composed of 8 rays, and its base is almost entirely iu advance of the 

 perpendicular from the origin of the dorsal ; its length equals half that of the head. The 

 two ventrals are far apart. 



Eadial formula: D. 17-18; A. 11; C. 10; P. 15; A. 8. Scales, 8 | 71-78 | 8. 



Color brownish, the inside of the branchiostegal flap bluish-black. 



A specimen (Xo. 381(»<i, U. S. X. ;M.), 26A inches in length, was obtained by the Albatross 

 from station 2710, in a depth of 981 fathoms. A specimen (Xo. ;>>.!(t5, V. S. X^. M.), lOi 

 inches in length, was taken by the Albatross from station 2051, in 1,106 fathoms. Another, 

 Si inches in length, was taken by the Albatross ft'om station 2550, iu 1,081 fathoms, and 

 another from station 2101, in 991 fathoms. 



Vaillant identified a specimen obtained off the coast of Morocco, in 2,200 meters, with 

 B. Ayassizii. Giinther originally described the species from a specimen taken by the Chal- 

 lenger, at station 168, off the east coast of Xew Zealand, at a depth of 1,100 fathoms. 



Bathysaurus mollis, Gunther (Challenger Eeport, xxii, p. 183, pi. XLVi, fig. B), comes 

 fi-om the fcjouth Pacific, 2,385 fathoms, and from off Yeddo, 1,873 fathoms. 



HARPODON, Lesueur. 



Barpodon, Lesueur, Journal Acad. Nat. Sci., Pliiladelphia, v, 50 (type, Stilmo (n»riiodoti) micropa, Lcs.= 

 Osmerus nehei-eiis, Hamilton Buchanan).— AlcoCK, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 1891, ii, 128; I8St2, n, 356. 



The type is an ludo-Pacific form which is caught in great quantities in the estuary of the 

 Ganges, and in a dried state is known as the "Bombay Duc'k." Giinther attributes to the 

 deep-,sea fauna a Japanese form described by him as IT. mairochir (Fig. 60), (Challenger 

 Report, XXII, 180, pi. xlvii, fig. A), being led to do this by the peculiar structure of the 

 specimen. H. squamosiis, Alcock, is from the Indian Ocean, 120, 210, 276, 300 fathoms. 



