98 DEEP-SEA PISHES OF THE ATLANTIC BASIN. 



II. Dorsal nearly median. 



A. Dorsal slightly in atlvance of anal, its posterior rays overlapping anterior rays of same. 



A. Body rather elongate, its lieight about one-eighth of its length. 



1. Teeth in double rows in iuteruiasillary and mandible. Fangs on vomer. Air l)ladder absent. 

 Scales present Yarrf.lla 



B. Body very elongate, its height one-twelftli to one-eighteenth of its lengtli. 



1. Teeth .small, unequal. Scales large, thin, deciduous Diplophos 



III. Dorsal far in advance of anal, and but slightly behind ventrals. 



A. Vomerine fangs. Air bladder present. Scales present. Teeth iu maxillary equal in size 



PlIOTICHTHYS 



GONOSTOMA, Rafinesque. 



Gonosioma, Rafinesque, Ind. Ittiol. Sicil., genus xx vii, p. 64. Bonaparte, Fauna Italiea, Pesci, fasc. xxvii. 



Body obloug', compressed, covered with large scales, subeqiial in size. Series of lumi- 

 nous (pbospliorescent) .sjiots rnu along the branchiostegous membrane, lower parts of the 

 body, and tail. Head conical, much compressed, with the bones thin. Cleft of the mouth very 

 wide; intermaxillary short, not extending far below the level of the eye; maxillary much 

 longer, forming nearly the entire margin of the jaw; jaws armed with a single series of 

 teeth, unequal in size, minute ones alternating with long, pointed teeth. A band of minute 

 teeth on the palatine and pterygoid bones; palatine with a few conical teefli in front. Eye 

 of moderate size. Pectoial and ventral fins well develoi^ed. Dorsal fin on the hinder half 

 of the body opposite the anal ; adipose fin small, sometimes fimbriated. Anal long. Cau- 

 dal forked. Gill opening very wide, the outer branchial arch extending forward to behind 

 the symphysis of the lower jaw, and beset with very long gill rakers. Branchiostegals, 

 13 or 14. Pseudobranchise none. Air bladder none. 



GONOSTOMA DENUDATUM, EAFrNESQUE. (Fig. H6.) 



Gonostoma denudaia, Rafinesque, Ind. Ittiol. Sicil., 6.5.— Bonaparte, Fauna Italica, Pesci, fasc. xxvii, 1840, 



fig. 11. Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., xxii, 376.— Johnson, Ann. and Mag. Nat. 



Hist., X, 1862, 279.— GuNTHER, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., v, 391; Challenger Report, xxii, 172.— Vail- 



LANT, Exp. Sci. Travailleur et Talisman, 102. 

 Gasteropelecus acatithurus, Cocco, Giorn. Sc. Lit., 1829, No. 77. 

 Gonoatomus acanthurus,Cocco, Lett, su Salmon! ; B. pi. 1, fig. 1 ; Nov. Ann. Sci. Nat., Bologna, fasc. 9, p. 3, pi. 



I, fig. 1. 



The height of the body is contained 5J times in the total length (without caudal) ; the 

 lengtli of the head 4 times. Jaws heterodont, the intermaxillary being armed with 2, the 

 maxillary with about 12 large, distinct teeth, the spaces between them being filled with very 

 small teeth; lower jaw similarly armed with 10 or 11 large teeth. The entire cheek is cov- 

 ered by the enormously enlarged infraorbital. (GUnther.) 



Eadiai formula: I). 14-15; A. 30-31; P. 11-12; V. 8; L. lat. 36. 



This species is known to be common in the Mediterranean and the neighboring parts of 

 the Atlantic, especially off Madeira. 



Its first occurrence in the western Atlantic was in 1881, when it was trawled by the 

 Fish Emch off the New England coast. It was also obtained by the Albatross, at station 

 2665 in 2(i3 fathoms, and by the French expedition, in 1,180 meters, off the coast of Morocco 

 and off the Cape Verdes, in 460-580 meters. 



GONOSTOMA BREVIDENS, Kner & Stkindachner. (Figure 117.) 

 Oonoetoma brevidens, Kner & Steindachneu, Sitzb. Akad. Wissensch., Vienna, lxi, 1870, 443. 



Body elongate, compressed, its height one-sixth of total (without caudal) ; length of 

 head nearly one-fourth. Diameter of eye equal to length of snout, and about one-fifth length 

 of head. Intcrorbital sjiace about two-thirds diameter of eye. Mouth opening large, oblicpie, 

 lower jaw projecting; upper jaw reaches back to the aiigle of the preoperculum, and is 

 convex on its lower edge. Intermaxillary, maxillary, and mandible provided with a single 

 row cf sharp teeth, unequal iu size. Tongue toothless. Two stronger teeth near the sym- 



