DISCUSSION OF SPECIES AND THEIR DISTRIBUTION. 101 



reduced and one-fourth length of head. (Jlet't of mouth excecdiiioly wide, oblicjuc. ISIaxil 

 lary somewhat dilated, hut not covering any considerable portion of the ciieek, and its fip 

 separated from the angle of the (.perculuni by a distance greater tban tlie diameter of the 

 eye. The teeth upon the intern)asillaries are moderate in size; upon the maxillaries and 

 the mandible larger, conical, separated by moderate intervals, which are filled with smaller 

 teeth. Teeth also on palatines, jiterygoids, and pliaryngeals. Opercular bones very thin. 



The origin of the dorsal and anal fins ojiposite, inmiediately behind the vent; tlie latter 

 is more than twice as long as the former and reaches nearly to the tail, which is forked. A 

 small adipose dorsal fin at a distance from the dorsal equal to the length of the base of the 

 latter, and about the same distance from the anal. Pectoral and ventral composed of weak 

 rays, the origin of the latter nearly midway i'rom the base of the pectoral to the vent, and 

 the tips of the longest rays reaching to the vent. Branchial arches 4, long and slender; 

 very elongate gill rakers, 10 abo\e and 15 below the angle of the first, the longest twice as 

 long as the eye. Velvety black, with a number of luminous spots. 



Kadial formula: I). 12, 13: A. 21, 22; V. 7; P. 10. Branchiostegals, 13. 



This species was obtained by the French explorers at depths of from 1,420 to 2,582 

 meters in the (iulf of Gascogne and olf the Azores. It has since been found in considerable 

 numbers in the western Atlantic by the Albatross, in the following localities : From station 

 2103, in 38° 47' 20" N. lat., 72° 37' W. Ion., at a depth of 1,(»91 lathoms; from station 2140, 

 in 17° 30' 10" jST. lat., 70° 40' 05" W. Ion., at a depth of 000 fathoms; from station 2534, in 

 40° 01' N. lat., 07° 29' 15" W. Ion., at a depth of 1,234 fathoms, and No. 35514 U. S. F. M., 

 from station 2196, in 39° 35' N. lat., G9o 44' W. Ion., at a depth of 1,230 fathoms. 



CYCLOTHONE ELONGATA, (GCntheh). (Figure 119.) 



Gonostoma elongatum, Gunther, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 1878, ii, 187. — Challonger Report, xxii, 173, pi. 



XLV, fig. B.— AiCOCK, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 1891, ii, 127; 1892, li, 354. 

 Sigmops stigmatictis, Gill, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vi, 1883, 2.56. — Jordan, Cat. Fisb. N. Am., 46. 



Heightof body one-seventh of total length (without caudal); leugthof head two-ninths. 

 Vent midway between root of caudal fin and eye. Eye moderate, two-thirds length of 

 snout, about one-eighth length of head; its diameter less than width of interorbital space. 

 Mouth exceedingly wide, maxillary extending to the posterior angfle of the operculum, with 

 a number of large teeth at considerable distances, with interspaces filled with smaller teeth; 

 intermaxillary with 2 and mandible with al)ont 10 large teeth. Infraorbital bone dilated, 

 covering only about one-half of cheek. Opercular bones thin. Gill lamina' short. Gill 

 rakers long. Branchiostegals 11, very short. Dorsal fin inserted a little behind the ver- 

 tical from vent; greatest height exceeds that of the body at the point of its origin. Anal 

 fin directly under the dorsal, much longer, extending nearly to root of caudal, highest in 

 front. Pectoral narrow, slender, placed low; its length two-thirds that of the head. Dis- 

 tance of ventral from vent contained one-half in its distance from pectoral. Scales have 

 apparently been present, on a part at least, of the body, namely, the tail and ventral line. 

 Luminous organs very pink, with silvery margins, in two rows on either side of the 

 abdomen. 



Radial formula: D. 13; A. 27-30; P. 11; V. 7. Color black. 



This species was obtained by the ChaUeinjer from two localities in the South Pacific, 

 one, station 191, south of New Guiiu^a, at a depth of 800 fathoms; one, station 194a, off 

 Banda, at a depth of 360 fathoms, and has been found in considerable numbers in the deep 

 waters off the American coast by both the Blake and CItaUcngcr* and by the Inrestigator 

 in the Indian Ocean, station 107, 738 fathoms, and station 107, 1,200 (?) fathoms. 



* Cyclolhoiic gracilis {Govostuma gracile, Guntiier, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 1878, li, 187; Challenger Re- 

 port, XXII, 174, pi. XLV, fig. c.), found by the Challenger at depths from 245 to 2,425 fathoms, soutli of .Tapaii, 

 is elongate and apparently scaleless, as in the other species of the genus. The cheek is only i)artially 

 covered by the interorbital; larger teeth in the ui>p<T jaw rather numerous. Heiglit of body onC-uiutU of 

 total length; length of head one-fifth. Adipose fni absent. D. 10; A. 26; P. 11; V.6. 



