222 DEEP-SEA FISHES OF THE ATLANTIC BASIN. 



LUVARUS, Rafinesque. 



Lurarus. Rafinesque, Caratteri, Animali e Piaute di Sicilia, 1810, 22. — Gunthek, Cat. Fish. Brit. Miis., 



II, 413. — Day. Fislics Groat Uritaiu, etc., i, 121. 

 Diana, Kisso, op. cit., 342. 



Ausoniu, Hi.sso, Hist. Nat. Eur. Mdrid., 1826, in, 267 (young).— GCntheh, loc. cit. 

 Pyoctosteyus, NaKDO, Mom. " Do Procto.stcgo," 1827. 

 Astrodcrmus, CuviER and Valexcienne.s, Hist. Nat. Poiss., x, 1833, 353 (j^oung). 



Luvarids, with body oblong, anteriorly enlarged, but compressed and attenuated pos- 

 teriorly. Moutli terminal, small. Teeth in a single row in jaws, minute, finely pectinate (in 

 young also on palatines and tongue). A single dorsal, composed of un articulated, Hexible, 

 widely-set spines, much longer in adult than in young; in adult occupying only the last 

 half of the length of the body. Anal similar to dorsal. A'entrals thoracic, varying in 

 extent, sometimes absent. Caudal forked. A longitudinal keel along either side of root of 

 tail in adults. Vent below pectoral axils. Scales soft, deciduous, branny. Air-bladder 

 large; ciecal appendages few. Bones soft and fi'agile. 



LUVARUS IMPERIALIS, EakinesQUK. (Figure 230.) 



Luvarua imperialis, Rafinesque, loc. cit.; Ind. It. Sicil. 319, pL i, fig. 1. — Bonaparte, Catalogo Metodicn, 



No. 700. — CuviER and Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., ix, 412. — Giglioli, Eleuco, 26. — Mokeau, Hist. 



Nat. Poiss. Frauce, ii, 511. — Day, Fish. Gt. Britain and Ireland, i, 121, pi. xi.iii. 

 Conjphwna eleijans, Risso, Mem. prds I'Inst., 1814 (young). 

 Diana semilunata, Eisso, Hist. Nat. Eur. Mt^rid., 1826, in, 341 (young). — GtJNTHER, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., ii, 



413.— Steinhachner, Ichth. Spain and Portugal, 1868, 31. 

 Ju/ionia CmicH, Risso, op. cit., 342, pi. xxviii. — Lowe, Proc. Zoiil. Soc, London, 1843,1884. — Bonaparte, 



op. cit. No. 679.— GuNTHER, op. cit., 414; Proc. Zool. Soc, 1886, 336, with figure of slieleton.— Caxestrini, 



Fauna It.iliea, Pesci, 108. — Couch, Proc. Zool. Soc, Loudon, 1866, 332, figure. — Steindachner, op. 



cit., 31. 

 Prociostegus proctosteyns, Nardo, Prodr. Obs. et Disq. Adriat. Ichth. in Diar. Phys. Chem. et Nat. Ticini, i, 



1827, 18, 42. 

 Proclosteyus prototypus, Nardo, op, cit., with figure. 

 Asirodermus coryphwnoides, CuviER and Valenciennes op. cit., ix, 353, pi. ccixx. — Swainson, Fishes, u, 



255.— Lowe, Proc. ZoiiL Soc, 1840, 37; Trans. ZooL Soc, iii, 7. 

 Astrodcrmus VaUnciennesi, Cocco, Giorn. Sci. Lett. Art. Sic, 153, figure. 

 Astroderma plumheam, Lowe, Proc. Zool. Soc, 1843, 83. 



Asirodermus etegans, Bonaparte, Fauna Italica, Pesci, figure. — Canestkini, op. cit., 108. — Moreau op. cit., 514. 

 Ausonta Cocksii, Couch, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., xviii, 1866, 424; Cornish Zoology, 1866, 500.— Bullmore, 



Jour. Royal Institute of Cornwall, 1866, No. vi, 61, figure. 



Th,is fish was originally described from a specimen 5 feet long seen by Eafinesque at 

 Solanto, Sicily, June 15, 1808. It has since been observed at Nice, in the Adriatic and 

 at IVIalta and Elba, and at Cette, whence came the beautiful specimen which we have seen in 

 the Museo Ci^ico of Genoa. 



Prof. Giglioli was the first to point out the interesting series of metamorphoses by 

 which A.strodcrmus and Diana develop into Ansonia and Luvarus. 



Lowe observed both young and old at Madeira, and Steindachner found it on the coast 

 of Spain. Two were thrown ashore on the Cornish coast in ISOC, and from one of these, 

 45 inches long, Day had made the excellent figure for his '-Fishes of Great Britain and 

 Ireland." 



Family LAMPRIDID^^. 



LamprididtF. GiLi., Arr. Fam. Fishes, 1872, 7 (No. 87); Johnson's Cyclopaedia, ii, 1621.— Jordan and Gil- 

 bert, Bull. XVI, U. S. N. M., 453. 



Scombroidea with an oval, much compressed body ; scales small, deciduous, mouth small. 

 Teeth absent in adults. Branchiostegal rays six; dorsal and anal fins long, undivided; 

 ventral tins multiradiate, .subabdominal. Pyloric ca!ca numerous. Air bladder large and 

 posteriorly bifurcate. [Gill.) 



