224 DEEP-SEA FISHES OF TJIE ATLANTIC BASIN. 



Family ZEIDvE. 



Zenidw, Lowe, Proc. Zool. Soc, London, 1839, 82. 



Zenidw, Gill, I'roc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Pliila., 1862, 126; Arr. Families Fishes, 1872, 8 (Fam. No. 84).— Jordan 



and Gilbert, UuU. xvi., U. S. Nat. Mus., 4.58. 

 Zeincc, Swaixson, Nat. llist. Fish., etc., 1839, u, 176. 

 Zeini, Bonaparte, Cat. Metodico, Pesci Europe, 1876, 75. 

 Zcoidei, Bleekeu, Tentameu, 1859, xxiii. 

 Zcidii, Gill, MS. 



Cyiiina, GiJNTiiER, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., Ii, 393. 

 Vyttidoe, GtJNTiiER, Introduction to the Study of Fishes, 1880, 450. 



Scombroidea, with a liigli, short, deei), uiuch compressed, and elevated body. Lateral 

 line ob.scnrc, unarmed. Scales minute, absent, or replaced by bony protuberances. Mouth 

 large, terminal, with upper jaw protractile, and teeth small, in narrow bands or single 

 series, on jaws and vomer, and sometimes on palatines. Eyes lateral. Oi)ercles and other 

 bones about the head often armed with spines. Branchiostegals, 7 or 8. Gill membranes 

 little united, free from the isthmus. Gill rakers usually short. Gills 4, a slit behind the 

 fourth. Pseudobrauchife large. Dorsal emarginate, or divided, with strong spines an- 

 terioi'ly, the posterior part longer. Anal spined or spineless. Ventrals thoracic, with one 

 spine and five to eight>T;iys. Caudal usually not forked. Pyloric cieca exceedingly numer- 

 ous. Air bladder large. Vertebrae about 32, 



KEY TO THE GENERA AND DEEP-SEA SPECIES. 



I. Bony plates along the bases of the vortical fins, and between ventrals and anal on median line of 



body Zeinje 



A. Plates at bases of second dorsal and anal. Anal spines 4 Zeus 



B. Plates at bases of first and second dorsal and anal. Anal spines 3 Zenopsis 



1. Ventral spines, 3 Z. ocellatus 



II. No bony plates at b.ase of vertical fins Cyttixe 



A. No bony plates on ventral line C yttus 



1. Ventrals receivable in sheath on abdomen. 



a. Ventral spines, 2 Cyiiiis aualralis 



2. Ventrals not receivable in sheath. 



a. Ventral spines, 2 Cytlus uhhrcfiaiiis 



b. Ventral spines, 2 Cyttus ludolepis 



B. Bony plates between ventral and anal, on median line of body Cyttopsis 



1. Body partially naked Cyttopsis roseus 



III. Numerous large, conical, bony protuberances, symmetrically arranged Oreosomin.e 



A. About four protuberances on the l)ack and twenty below OreOSOMA 



ZENOPSIS, Gill. 



Zenopsis, Gill, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1862, 126 (type, Zeus nebulosiis, Temminck and Schlegel, from Japan). 



Body ovate, much compressed, without scales, not warty. Head deeper than long, its 

 anterior profile steep. Mouth rather large, upper jaw protractile; teeth small, on jaws and 

 vomer, none on the palatines. Various bones of the head and shoulder girdle armed with 

 spines. Series of bony jilates along the sides of the belly and the ba.ses of the dorsal and 

 anal, each plate armed with a strong spine. Eye large, placed high. Gill-rakers short. 

 Dorsal spines very strong, usually 10 in number. Anal spines 3. Ventral tins long, 

 mostly I, 7. Caudal peduncle slender, the fin not forked. Two or three species known, 

 differing from Zeus, mainly in the presence of 3 anal spines instead of 4. Pelagic. 



ZENOPSIS OCELLATUS, (Storer), Gill. 



Zeus ocellafus, Stokeh, Proc. Boston Society Nat. Hist., vi, 888. 

 Zenopsis ocellatus, Gill, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1862, 126. 



Color silvery, nearly plain; a black lateral ocellated spot in life, disappearing in 

 spirits. Body short, deep, compressed. Skin wholly naked, except for the bony bucklers, 

 which are aimed each with a central spine hooked backwards and marked with radiating 



