DISCUSSION OF SPECIES ANlJ THEIU DISTRIBUTION. 229 



the base of the dorsal and anal fins. Ventral fins composed of 1 spine and H rays. ^lituite 

 teeth in the jaws and on the vomer, none oti tlie palatine bones, lirauchiostcgals 5; air- 

 bladder large. Pyloric appendages iu small nnmber. (Giuitha:) 



CAPROS APER, (LINX.EUS), Lacijpede. 



Zeus aper, LiNN.EUS, Syst. Nat., ed. x, 17.58, I, 266. 



Capios aper, LACKPfcnE, Hist. Nat. Poiss., iv, p. 591. — GtiNTtiER, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mas.. II, yt. 49G.— Vaillant, 

 Exp. Sci. Travailleur et Talisman, Poiss., 1888, 353. 



A Gapros with upper and lower profiles of the snout concave, with small scales, with 

 strong spines in the dorsal and ventral fins. Adults usually brownisli red; young, some 

 grayish, others red appi-oachiug vermillion on the upper parts, silvery white below; iris 

 golden, with some red spots. 



Eadial formula: D. ix, 23 24; A. 111/23; V, i/5; Cicc, pylor. 2; Vert. 10-12/13. 



The Boarfi.sh of English authors is said to be common in the Mediterranean, and lias 

 also been found in the waters of Madeira; stragglers have a few times been taken on the 

 south coast of England and Ireland; the French explorers found it at various depths from 

 30 to 175 fathoms in the Gulf of Gascogne, on the coast ot Morocco, Soudan, and Spain, 

 and on the Banc D'Arguin. It is one of tliose forms wliieli, while more especially charac- 

 teristic of the .sh(u-e fauna, descends into moderately deep waters adjacent, and is by 

 courtesy admitted to the deep-sea lists, especially since the other members of the same 

 family are characteristic deep-water forms, and, iu the opinion of Dr. Giinther, but rarely 

 come to the surface. 



ANTIGONIA, Lowe. 



AnlUjoiiia, LowK, Proc ZoiW. Soc. London, 1813, 85. 



Caprophonus, MtJLLEK and Troschel, Hor,-e IchtliyiilojjioiP, nr, 28. 



Body very compressed and elevated, covered witli rather small .spiny scales; mouth 

 little protractile. Dorsal fin coutinuouj, with 8 spines; :> anal spines, remote from the soft 

 portion. Ventral fins composed of 1 spine and 5 rays. Very small teeth iu the jaws. 

 Brauchiostegals 5 to 7. (Giinther.) 



ANTIGONIA CAPROS, Lowe. (Figure 235.) 



Antigonia capros, LowE, Proc. ZoiiL Soc. Loud., 1813, 85.— Guxtheu, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., ir, 197; Chal- 

 lenger Report, XXI, 1887, 41. — Steindachneu, Penkschr. Akad. \Vis3.\Vien, XLix, 1884, 187, pi. v. 



Caprophonus aurora, Muller and Troschel, Hora> Ic^htliyologica', IU, p. xxviii, taf. v, fig. 1. 



Bypsinoius ruhescens, Scui.egel, Fauna .laponica, Poissous, 84, pi. xui, fig. 2.— Gi'rNTHER, Report on the 

 Shore Fishes, Chall. Report, part vi. 44. (Young.) 



Antigonia MiiUcri, Klunzingkk, Sitzb. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Lxxxin, 1879, 380, pi. v, fig 3. 



An Antirionia with the heightof the body five sixths of its total length, and a very strong 

 striated ventral sjnne. Color red. [Giinther.) 



Eadial formula: D. VIII.-34; A. ill, 32-33; V. I, 5; B. 5-7. 



Antiijonia capros is a cosmopolitan form, first known from the mid-Atlantic, olf Bar- 

 bados and Madeira; since obtained in Japan, near the Ki Islands and Manado. The 

 greatest depth at which it has been takeu is 129 fathoms, oft' the Ki Islands. 



Family TETRAGONURID^^. 



Les Tetragonurides, Risso, Hist. Nat. Eur. Merid., iil, 1829, ,381. 

 Tstragonurida; Bonaparte, Snggio, 1837; Catalogo Mctodico, 1846, 72. 

 Tetragonnrina, Gunther, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus.. iii, 407. 



Scombroidea with long, slender body, covered with hard, ciliated, grooved scales, which 

 are very adherent. A dorsal divided into two portions, closely c(mnected, tlie soft i)art 

 shorter and higher. Mouth subvertical; teeth iu jaws iu single series and on palate. Air- 

 bladder none. 



