244 DKEl'-SEA FISHES OF THE ATLANTIC BASIN. 



rivers and in very shallow water. Only one species has been fonnd at considerable depths, 

 and it is probable that its occurrence out of the shallows was not positively determined. 



CHROMIS, Cuvier. 



Chromis, CuviER, Regne Aiiimal, ed. 1, ii, 1877, 266. 



Heliases, Cuvier and Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss. v, 493. Mem. Mus. Nat. Hist. Nat., i, 1815, 353. 



Beliastes, Gcnthek, Cat. Fish Brit. Mus., iv, 60. 



Preoperculuin not denticulated. Teeth small, conical, in a narrow band or irregular 

 series. Dorsal fin with 12 to 14 spines, anal with 2. Scales of moderate size; the lateral 

 line ceases below the posterior portion of the dorsal fin. Branchiostegals 5; gills 3i; 

 pseudobranchiiB present; pyloric appendages 2. 



A single representative of this well-known tropical genus, has been found under such 

 eircumstances as to lead to the belief that it could live in deep water. This is C. roseiis, 

 the Reliasies roneus of Giinther, Challenger Eeport, vi, 1880, 45, pi. xx, 1887, page 7G. It 

 was taken at Challenger station 192, otf the Ki Islands, in 140 fathoms. 



Family SCORPvENID.^E. 



Les Scorpenides, Risso, Hist. Nat. Europe Mcridion.ile, 1826, iii, 109, 367. 



ScoriHcnidw, Swain.son, Nat. Hist. Fish, etc., ir, 1839, 180.— Gill, Arr. Fam. Fishes, 1872, 6 (No. 58).— GOn- 



THER, Zoological Record, vii, 1870, 91; Challenger Report, x.xii, 16.— Gill, Johnson's Cyclopjedia, IV, 



143. — Jordan and Gilbert, Bull, xvi, U S. Nat. Mus., 650. 

 Scorpmtina, Gunther, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., ii, 1860, 87, 95. 



CalaphiacH (part), Cuvier, Regno Animal, both editions.— MCllek, Berlin, Abhandl., 1844, 201. 

 Schnjgcnida' (part), OwEN, Lectures, Comparative Anatomy of the Vertebrates, i, 49. 

 Triglida: (part), Kaup, Wiegmann's Archiv., 1858, 329. 

 Scorpanoidei, Bleeker, Tentamen, 1859, xxi. 

 Seorpamini, Bonaparte, Catalogo Metodico, 1846, 61. 



Scorpa'uoid' fishes with body oblong, more or less compressed, head moderately 

 large, often inflated laterally, usually with one or more pairs of spine-tipped ridges 

 above, opercle usually with two, preopercle with five, spinous processes. Mouth wide, ter- 

 minal, with villiform teeth on .laws, vomer and palatines. Premaxillaries protractile. A 

 bony stay, extending from the suborbital to the preopercle. Branchial apertures ex- 

 tending forward, wide, separate, and free from isthmus. Scales ctenoid, or rarely 

 cycloid, sometimes nearly obsolete. Lateral line single, continuous, concurrent with the 

 back. Dorsal fin with 8 to 16 rather strong spines, and a similar number of rays, set closer 

 than the spines so that the soft portion of the fin is the shorter, the fln being sometimes 

 continuous and sometimes notched so deeply as to divide it into two parts. Anal rather 

 short, with 3 spines and 5 to 10 rays. Ventrals thoracic or post thoracic, with 1 s])ine and 

 4 to 9 rays. Soft flu rays all branched except lower rays of pectoral. Air bladder pres- 

 ent. PseudobranchiiB large. Pyloric caeca few (less than 12). 



KEY TO ATLANTIC DEEP-SEA GENERA OF SCORPAENID^. 



I. Dorsal continuous, though somewhat notched. 



A. Dorsal spines xii ; anal iii, 5 ; vertebr.e 10+14. 



1. Head naked above, with several series of spinous ridges. Scales cycloid. Cheeks smooth. 

 Opercles sometimes scaleless. 



a. A square occipital pit. Cheeks and opercles scaleless. Scales on body small. Lacini^ 

 present. Pectorals broad, rounded, i)rocurrent Scorp.ena 



b. "Wide, muciferous cavities in superficial bones of skull. Scales on lateral parts of head hid- 

 den in skin. Cleft of mouth very vride." Sea of J apan [Bathvsebastes] 



2. Head scaly above. Scales ctenoid, on cheeks and opercles, as well as on body. 



a. No occipital pit. Pectorals not procurreut. 



Pectoral rays in three groups, the medial ones of branched rays. Suliorbital keel smooth, 



or with a single anterior spine Helicolenus 



Pectoral rays all simple. Two retrorse spines on each preorbital. Suborbital keel with three 

 strong spines Pontinus 



' Gill's superfamily Scorpamoidea ^ including Scopwnida; Si/nancoida; IT(xaiiiaiinnid(r, and Aiioplopomidw) 

 is composed of mail-cheeked fishes 'having the hyporcoracoid and hypocoraeoid bones normally devel- 

 oiiod, a complete rayodome, and post-temporals normally articulated with the cranium." 



