246 DEEP-SEA FISHES OF THE ATLANTIC BASIN. 



The above description applies to the species as a wliole. Lowe separates his variety 

 ohcsn on the following specifications: ^^ Major, miniacen, pallida, maculis obsoletioribiis; 

 coriiore altiore s. oheso; ocuUis fere majoribus.''^ 



aS. scro/a oi»e«rt is a deep-water form, living ^Hn profundioribus, a littori procuW' The 

 fishermen of Madeira distinguish it, calling it Carneiro de Fora, while the inshore type is 

 known as Carneiro de Bolo. They grow to be from 15 to 20 inches long, and have the 

 belly somewhat more prominent, and larger eyes, and lighter colors. Lowe is not posi- 

 tive that the two forms should be distinguislied, even as varieties. We include obesa 

 among the deep-water forms in order to invite further investigation of the question whether 

 S. scrofa may not be dimorphic like Scbastes vorvef/icits. 



Kisso distinguished a color, or depth, variety in this species at Kice, which occurred in 

 the coralline zones, and was "<?' un brim rouge de laque, marbree de brim, de bUmc et de grin 

 vouverte d'appendices dentelees et de Hrrhes rongeatres" (Hist. Nat. Euroi>e Merid., iii, 371). 

 He also describes a pallid form under the name Scor2)a'na lutea. This is not recognized by 

 modern Mediterranean ichthyologists. Lowe suggests that it may be founded upon some 

 extreme state of his obesa. 



Scorpwna scrofa is preeminently a Mediterrane.an species. It has been observed at 

 Nice, Cette, Genoa, Leghorn, Naples, Montecristo, Magdalena, Alghero, Cagliari (Corsica), 

 Messina, Catania, Malta, Venice, Trieste, Dalmatia, and North Africa. Also fi-om the 

 River Niger, Lisbon, Gulf of Gascony, St. Jean de Luzon, Arcachon, Giroude, La Eochelle. 

 Also from Madeira and the Azores. 



Scorpa'na tistulata, Lowe, Proc. Zool. Soc. 18G0, 36, is a Madeiran form of small size, 

 closely allied to «S'. scrofa, but with cheeks and opercles pustulate or granulated. 



Two additional species are now added to the deep-sea forms of the Atlantic. 



SCOEPiENA CRISTULATA, Goode and Bea^% n. s. (Figure 242). 



The greatest depth of the body (oO millimeters) is one-third of the standard length; the 

 least height of the tail (14 millimeters) equals the length of th(> snout. The length of the 

 head (08 millimeters) is contained 2i times in the standard length, and is about twice the 

 length of the upper jaw. The width of the interorbital space (S nullimeters) is one-fourth 

 the length of the upper jaw; this space is moderately concave and is incompletely scaled. 

 The maxilla reaches to the vertical from the posterior edge of the pupil; its length (30 

 millimeters) is one-iifth of the standard length. The mandible reaches to below the pos- 

 terior margin of the eye, its length (38 millimeters) slightly more than the postorbital part 

 of the head. Teeth in villiform bands in the jaws and on the vomer and i)alate. A naked 

 space at the symphysis of the intermaxillaries. A pair ()f spines on the preorbital; six 

 spines on the suborbital carina; five on the border of the iireoperculum, of which the up- 

 permost is the largest, and with a supplementary spine at its base. Nasal spines developed; 

 three supraorbital spines on each side and three more on each side of the vertex and nape. 

 A postocular spine, a tymi)anic and two humerals. Two thin Hat spines on the operculum. 

 Almost all the spines of the head have short filaments behind them. 



The length of the eye (20 millimeters) is contained nearly 3| times in the length of the 

 head and equals two-thirds the length of the maxilla. Tlic length of the snout (14 millime- 

 ters) equals the least height of the tail. The anterior nostril is nearer to the eye than to 

 the tip of tlie snout; it is tubular and has prolongations behind consisting of two dark col- 

 ored filaments. The longest filaments above the orbit are scarcely one-third as long as the 

 eye. The posterior nostril is scarcely tubular; the distance between the anterior nostrils is 

 one-half the length of the eye. The integument covering the supramaxilla is finely scaled. 

 'J'lie character of the gill rakers is very ditterent from those of Pontinus; they are short, 

 stout, and the club shaped extremity is armed with minute spines. There are 4 developed 

 and 2 rudiments above the angle and 8 below, besides 5 sessile rudiments. Pseudobranchije 

 present. The distance of the spinous dorsal from the tip of the snout (67 millimeters) 

 equals twice the length of the upper jaw. The length of the first spine (8 millimeters) 

 equals the width of the interorbital space; the length of the second spine is nearly twice 



