DISCUSSION OF SPECIES AND THEIR DISTIilBTTrON. 263 



KKY TO THE SPECIES OK SETARI'IIES AND I.IOS(;( >|;I'HS. 



I. Head with low, parallel lidf^cs above, and a few imoiispiiuoiis Mjiines Sktarches 



A. Body elonir:ite (height at ventrals U'ss than length of head) 



1. Snout long, spines on preorbital letrorse. 



a. Pectoral very elongate, extending Iieyond iiiiddli- uf anal S. Gi'NTHERl 



2. Snout not much longer than eye. Sjiines on preorbital antrorse. 



a. Peotoral fan-shaped, not reaehing to origin of anal S. fidjiensis 



B. Body less elongate (height at ventrals e(inal to or greater Ihan length of iie;ul). 



1. Suont moderate. No spines on preorbital. 



n. Pectoral elongate, placed high S. parmatus 



II. Head smooth above, and with muciferous cavities I.ioscoRPirs 



A. Body moderately elongate; head and snout very long. 



1. Head without spines, except three upon preoperde and two ou opercle. 



fl. Pectoral moderate, its upper rays longest, not reaching to origin of anal L. i.ongicep.s 



SETARCHES GUNTHERI, .Ioiinson. 



Setarches Giintheri, Johnson, Proe. Zool. Soc, London, 1802, 177. pi. xxiii. 



A Setarches liaviiig body and head elongate; the height of the body over ventrals 

 equal to height under antepenultimate dorsal spine, and contained nearly 4 times in 

 length of body (without tail); length of head 2.J in lengtli of body. 



Head not much compressed. Width of interorbital space U times the diameter of the 

 eye, which is somewhat below the profile. Xo conspicuous ridges upon the top of tlie head, 

 but two low, flat, occipital spines. Snout Ig times as long as the diameter of the eye. 

 Mouth wide, somewhtit oblique: maxillary with a much expanded posterior extremity, reach- 

 ing nearly to vertical from ])osterior margin of orbit. Lower jaw projecting, with a strong, 

 bony tubercle at its symphysis. Sides of head strongly armed. Three slender, sharp, 

 closely set. ])arallel spines, of which the middle one is slightly tlie longest, at the angle of 

 the suboxjerculum, ttnd U smaller spines on its lower limb. Two long, strong spines upon 

 the opercular flap. Two strong, retrorse spines upon the preorbital, their j)oints projecting 

 down over the maxillary. 



Head scaleless, except u[)on the opercle. Scales small, cycloid, there being about 86 

 in the longitudinal series. The lateral line passing with a broad, gentle curve under the 

 notch between the two dorsals, from a point very near the dorstil profile to the middle of the 

 base of the ctiudal. It has no scales, but conspicuous skinny tubes, of which the figure 

 indicates 28 to 30. Dorsal insertion in advance of that of pectoral, with the first spine about 

 half as long as the diameter of the eye, and separated somewhat from the second, which is 

 the longest, and more than twice the eye; followed by others which gradually and irregu- 

 larly decrease in length to the tenth, which is about equal to tlie first, which is followed 

 behind the notch by a slender one as long as the sixth. Nine soft dor.sal rays, the longest 

 as long as the first dorsal spine, but the length of the base of this fin is less than half that 

 of the spinous dorsal. Anal inserted under tlu' posterior portion of soft dorsal, with 3 

 spines and 5 rays. Ventral under the first dorsal .si)iiie, its longest rays equal to the exter- 

 nal caudal rays. Pectoral very broad at its base, whi(;h occupies nearly half the height 

 of the body, and with 22 rays, of which the first two and the last five are simple, the re- 

 mainder branched ; the up[)er branched rays are very long, one-third ;is long as the body, and 

 reach beyond the origin of the anal. Caudal truncate, its middle rays as long as the soft 

 dorsal. 



Color, uniform piukred. minutely dotted witli black. 



Eadial formula: D. x-xr, i, !»; A. in, 5; P. 2 + 15-f o; V. I, 5; C. 4+7+4. 



A single specimen, 9 inches long, now in the British Museum, was found by Johnson 

 at Madeira and nameil in honor of Dr. Giinther. The dei>tli of its liabitat was not at 

 that time observed, but from what is known of the habits of its as.sociates, it can not be 

 doubted that it is a deep-sea form. 



S.fidjietisift, Giinther, was obtained by the ChaUnif/er at station 173, ofi" jMatuku in tlie 

 Fiji Islands, at a depth of 315 fathoms, a single specimen 3 inches long. It is shorter than 



