336 DEEP-SEA FISHES OF THE ATLANTIC BASIN. 



PENOPUS MACDONALDI, Goode and Bean, n. s. (Figure 293.) 



The greatest height of the body (.35 millimeters) equals the leugth of the po-storhital 

 part of th(^ head and about oueniuth of the total without the caudal. The greatest width 

 of the body aiitoiiorly is about two-thirds of its greatest height. The head is stout, its 

 greatest width ecjualiug three-fourths of its greatest depth and more than one third of 

 its length. The width of the iuterorbital space (14 millimeters) is about one-fifth the length 

 of the head. Tlw eye is very small, its length ((i millimeters) less than one-half the width 

 of the interorbital space. The distance from the eye to the tip of the snout (24 millimeters) 

 equals the length of the intermaxilla. The distance of the anterior nostril from the tip of 

 the snout equals the length of the eye. The distance of the posterior nostril from the eye 

 is slightly less than its distance from the tip of the snout. The maxilla is expanded behind 

 and readies somewhat behind the eye; its length (25 millimeters) equals the length of the 

 snout. The mandible extends much behind the eye, its length (36 millimeters) equal to 

 postorbital part of head. The dorsal begins over the nnddle of the pectoral; its rays are 

 well developed, those in the middle of the fin longer than the anterior ones. It contains 

 137 rays. The anal begins under the twenty-seventh ray of the dorsal; it contains 102 

 rays, those about the middle of the fin longest. The length of the pectoral (32 millime- 

 ters) is nearly one-half the length of the head and about equal to the distance of its tip 

 from the vent. The length of the ventral (27 millimeters) is about one- third of the distance 

 of its origin from the origin of the anal. 



Lateral lines, three; the uppermost beginning at the upper angle of the gill-opening 

 quicky approaching the top of the body near the base of the dorsal and merging into the 

 dorsal base about the middle of the tail; the median lateral line begins a little behind the 

 head and extends almost to the root of the caudal, becoming very faint posteriorly. The 

 lowermost lateral line has its origin under and not fiir from the base of the pectoral. It 

 extends along the lower side of the tail and merges into the base of the anal fin somewhat 

 beyond the middle of the length of the tail. 



Color, yellowish brown; operculum, opercular flap and branchiostegal membrane, pec- 

 toral, and ventral dusky. 



The single specimen obtained is 315 millimeters long, catalogue number 39433. It was 

 obtained by the steamer Albatross, September 18, ISSO, at station 271G, X. lat. 38° 29' 30", 

 W. Ion. 70° 57', in 1,631 fathoms. 



ACANTHONUS, Gunther. (Figure 296, A.) 

 Acanthomis, Gunther, Ann. and Mag., Nat. Hist., 1878, ii, 22; Challeugur Report, xxii, 116. 



Head excessively large and thick, armed in front and on the opercles with strong 

 spines; trunk very short, the vent being below the pectoral, tail thin, strongly compressed, 

 tapering, with the caudal distinct. Eye small. Mouth very wide, with the teeth in villi- 

 form bauds in the jaws, on the vomer, and palatine bones, and along the hyoid. Barbel 

 none. Yentrals each reduced to a bifid filiment, placed close together on the humeral 

 symphysis. Gill-membranes not united. The gill-lamina>, are remarkably short; the gill- 

 rakers long, lanceolate, stirt'. Scales extremely small. Bones of the head soft, the sui^er- 

 flcial ones supporting large cavities. {Gitnther.) 



The genus is represented by a .single species found by the CJuiUmficr in 1,050-1,070 

 fathoms in the Middle Pacific, station 205, off the Philippines, and station 218, north of New 

 Guinea. The type species is A. armatiis, Gunther, Challenger Keport, xxii, 117, pi. xxxv. 

 Fig. A. 



TAUREDOPHIDIUM, Aleock. (Figure 296, B.) 

 Tauredophidium, Alcock, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (G), vi., 1890, 212. (Type, T. Ilextu, Joe, cit., pi. viii, fig. 1. ) 



Head large and thick, armed on the opercles with strong spines ; body comjiressed. 

 Snout broad, not overhanging the large mouth. Eyes, none. No barbel. Villiforni teeth 

 in the jaws, vomer, and iialate. Gill membranes rather broadly united; 4 gills; 8 branch- 



