352 DEEP-SEA FISHES OF THE ATLANTIC BASIN. 



ble above the skin. The .seven anterior rays are longer, however, forming a sickle-shaped 

 fin almost separate from the main dorsal flu in advance; the first ray is nearly 4 times as 

 high as the second, its height nearly equal to that of tlie body; tliis ray is spinous, and 

 thicker than the others, but smaller than in L. CepeiHanm, and very sharp. Tlie pectorals 

 are placed very low down, close to the gill-opening. The veutrals, as in the European 

 species, ar(^ very minute, antl placed directly under the posterior edge of the pectoral. 



Radial formula: D. 1), 212; A. 3+18; C. 17; 1'. 10; V. 5. 



Color, pale blue, becoming white on the lower parts and blackish blue upon the head; 

 the fins are pale blood red; the iris of the eye is silvery white, sliaded with bluish. 



This species seems to be well distinguished from those of the i\-tlautic and Mediterra- 

 nean, having a lower frontal crest; the first dorsal fin almost completely differentiated; the 

 dorsal confluent with the anal; the mouth much less vertical, and with very different 

 coloration. The species was obtaiued by Mr. Biirger in Japan, and by him a figure and 

 certain notes appear to have been made. The figure has the appearance of being an exact 

 one, and it would seem impossible to reconcile it with the Atlantic forms. 



The fish must be exceedingly rare in Japanese waters. We have been unable to find 

 any traces of it in the numerous drawings of Japanese fishes by native artists wliich we 

 have examined. 



Suborder ANACANTHINI. 



Teleostcan fishes characterized by spineless vertical and ventral tins, tlie latter jugular 

 or thoracic wlien pi'esent, and the air bla<lder, if developed, with no pneumatic duct. 

 The liypercoracoid imperforate. A foramen between the hypercoracoid and the hypocora- 

 coid. (QUI.) 



Family GADID^E. 



/ Gadini, Rafinesque, Indioe d'lttiologia Siciliana, 1810, 11. 



J)ea Gadcs, CuviER, Rfegue Animal, ed. i, 1817, li, 211. 



Des (ladoldcs, Cuvier, Rogue Animal, ed. ii, 1829, il, 330. 



Gadidiv, Bonaparte, Saggio, 1832, 37.— Swain.son, Nat. Hist. Fish., etc., 1837, ii. 183.— Bonaparte, Catologo 



Metodico, 1846, 42. — Owen, Lect. Comp. Anat. — GOntiier, Cat. Fish, Brit. Mus. iv, 32G. — Cope, 1870.— 



Gill, Arr. Fam. Fish, 1872, 3 (No. 27). 

 Gadoidei, MiJLLER, Boii. Abhaudl, 1870.— Blkeker, Tentamcu, 1S.5S), xxvi. 



Anacanthine fishes, with elongate, posteriorly concoidal body; isocercal tail; scales 

 cycloid and small, sometimes wanting. Head large, with termiiuxl mouth. Gill-openings 

 wide; gill membranes usually free from isthmus. Vertical fins well separated. D(n-sal 

 fin in one, two, or three sections, the latter — as well as the anal, which is al.so sometimes 

 divided into two — sometimes united with the caudal. Ventrals subjugular. Gills 4, a slit 

 behind the fourth. No i^seudobi'anchiiw. Pyloric Ciiica usually numerous, but sometimes 

 few in number or absent. 



There is a general resemblance between this family and the Brotul'ula'. Indeed Jordan 

 and Gilbert make the Brotulids a subfamily of Oadidcv, We follow Gill for the present. 



The Brotidids may be most readily distinguished by the ventrals which are always 

 narrow and jugular, and usually filamentous |iu those Gadoids, which have narrow, 

 filamentous veutrals, there are always two dorsals] and by the almost uuiv'ersal confluence 

 of the dorsal and anal with the caudal. [In the Gadoids which have the vertical fins con- 

 fluent, there is always a separate first division of the dorsal.] 



KEY TO THE DEEP-SEA GENERA OF GADID^. 



I. Three dorsals and two anal fins. 



A. Ventrals normal, with 5-7 rays tladiiifc 



1. Lower jaw shortest. 



(I. Vomerine teeth present. . Barliel well developed. 



Lateral line pale. Maxillary re.achiug p.ast front lino of eye. Month large. Hypocoracoid 



normal G adus 



Lat<^ral line blauli. Maxillary not reaohing eye. Miinlli small, llypocorai'oid swollen. 



Melanoghammus 

 6. Vomerine teeth absent or cscoodingly minute. No barbel G/\x>icul:u 



