436 DEEP-SEA FISHES OF THE ATLANTIC BASIN. 



PARALICHTHYS, Girard. 



Paralichthys, Girard, Pacific Eailroad Survey Report, Fishes, 1858, 146. — Gunther, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., 



IV, 431. — JOKMAN an<l Gilbert, Bull, xvi, U. S. Nat. Mus., 821. 

 Chvnojmllii, Gill, Cat. Fish. E. Coast N. Auier., 1861, 50. 

 Paei((lo)h(imhiis, Bleeker, Compt. RcikIus. Acad. Sci. Amsterdam, xui, 1862, Pleurouectidaj, 5. — GiJNTHER, 



op. cit,, 423. 

 Xystreiinjs, Jordan and Gilbert, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1880, 34. 



SiuLstral pleuronectoids, with body oblong; mouth large, oblique; each jaw with a 

 single row of usually slender and sharp teeth, which are more or less enlarged anteriorly; 

 no teeth on vomer or palatines. Gill rakers various. Scales small, ctenoid or cycloid; lat- 

 eral line simple, with a strong curve anteriorly. Dorsal lin single, beginning above or 

 before the eye; both ventrals lateral; caudal fin double truncate, or double concave, its 

 middle rays produced. No anal sjiine. {Jordan and Gilbert.) 



PARALICHTHYS OBLONGUS, (Mitchill), .Iori.an. 



Pleuronectes ohlonga, Mitchill, Trans. Lit. and Phil. Soc. N. Y.'i, 1814 (1815), 391. 



Paralichthtjs oiloiigu^, Jordan and Gilbert, Bull, xvi, U. S. Nat. Mus., 824 — Goode, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mu8., 



Ill, 472. 

 Platessa quadroccllala, Storer, Proc Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., ii, 1847, 242; Hist. Fish. Mass., 1867, 203, pl. xxxi, 



fig. 3. 

 Platessa quadrocnlaris, Gill, Cat. Fish. E. Coast N. A., 1861,51. 



Body much compressed, elongate, its greatest height less than two-fifths of its length. 

 Head rather short, its length one fourth that of body. Eyes separated by a prominent, 

 narrow, sharp ridge, the diameter of the orbit nearly one-fourth of the length of the head. 

 Upper jaw with very numerous, small, close set teeth laterally, and -1 or 5 canines in front; 

 the lateral teeth abruptly smaller than the anterior; lower jaw with 7 to 10 teeth on either 

 side. Maxillary narrow, reaching past vertical from middle of pupil, its length two and 

 one-fourth times in that of head. Scales weakly ctenoid or cycloid, over 90 in lateral line. 

 Gill rakers thick and rather long, about 8 below angle. Dorsal low, beginning over front 

 of eye, some of the anterior rays exserted, the longest rays behind middle of fin, their 

 length not quite half that of head. No anal spine. 



Radial formula: D. 72-8G; A. 59-76. 



Color, l>rownisli gray, mottled; 4 large black ocellre, each surrounded by a lighter mar- 

 gin; 2 behind middle of body, 1 below dorsal, and 1 above anal; 2 smaller sjiots near last 

 rays of dorsal and anal. 



This is a well marked species, known for many years as an inhabitant of moderate 

 depths along the coast from Florida north to Massachusetts. The northern limit of its range 

 is marked by the captiu-e of a single small individual in 1877, off the mouth of Salem Harbor. 



It is not properly a deep-sea species, but is included in the list on account of its occar 

 sional capture at the hundred fathom line. 



The Fish Hawk obtained a single individual (Cat. No. 26078, U. S. N. M.) from station 

 873, in 40° 02' N. lat., 70° 57' W. Ion., at a depth of 100 fathoms; and the Albatross took it 

 from station 2307, in 35° 42' N. lat., 74° 54' 30" W. Ion., at a dei)th of 43 fathoms; from 

 station 2313, in 32° 53' N. lat., 77° 53' W. Ion., at a depth of 99 fathoms; from station 2421, 

 in 37-5 07' N. lat., 74° 34' 30" W. Ion., at a depth of 64 fathoms; Cat. No. 28861, U. S. N. M., 

 from Buzzards Bay; and a single specimen from station 2297, in 35° 58' N. lat., 74° 53' W. 

 Ion., at a depth of 49 fathoms. 



Giinther enumerates other species of raraliclithys from deep waters, namely, Para 

 lichthys Hectoris, (Giinther,) from 150 fathoms, ofl' New Zealand; P. ^oojw, (Hector,) oil 

 Cape Farewell, 400 fathoms; and P. ocellatiis, (Gthr.,) Admiialty Islands, 152 fathoms. 



