DISCUt^.SION OF SPECIES AND THEIR DISTRIBUTION. 479 



TRACHYPTERUS ARCTIOUS, (Bkiinnich;, Nii.sson. (Figure :ili2.) 



Giimiiogiislvr nrcliciin, BrCnxK'H, Nye SaiiiiiilniiK Dansk. \ul. SclsU. Skr., iii, |.. UIX, pi. H, liijs. l-:i. 



GymiKinm arcticiix, Jenyns, Uritish Animals. 



Trachi/plcnis airticM-t, NlLssdx, SUaud. Fauna, Fisk., Itl2.— DuiiUin, 1'iim-. /ci.il. Soc, 1,S5I, I IC.— (i( ximku 



Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., iii, oOo.— C'oixktt, Noryes Fiskr, 78; Vid. S,-lsk. I'diIi.. Cliiistiania, 1X79 I, :,'.).— 



Day, Fishes Great Britain and Irrland, i, L'lH, ]>]. i..\iii. 

 Boumarns islaiidwiis, ScHNEIliER, Blorh, fi.vstenia IchthyDlogia', ISOl, .".IS, pi, ci. 

 Trachijpierus hoijmarus, CuviEK and Valencien'NKs, Hist. Nat. I'niss., x, :>!(!, il at. 

 Trai/chjiptdiis ro/jmnrus, Reinhahdt, Vid. Selsk. Skr., vii, H. (;.">, il nl. 



A Trnchypterus having tlic dorsal rays .sinodtli, iiiid tlie, lieiiiht of the liody contained 

 5 times, or a little more, in its length. 



An elaborate descrii)tion taken IVoin specimens studied at Norwich, Newcastle, and 

 Montrose, will be found in Day's Fislies of (ireat Eritain. This species occurs fi-oni Ice- 

 land to the Orkneys and the shores of the British isles. The largest Uritisli e.\anii)le is 73 

 feet long, but Day is of the opinion that it gi'ows to a. nnich larger size. 



It -svould seem ]irobable that studies similar to that made by Emery upon the Italian 

 forms will result in uuitiug wiMi this species also T. RiippeUii iin<l T. liopteiKx. 



TRACHVl'TFRfS RliPPKLLII, (iiMiiKr.. 



Traclijipterus Biippellii, Gitntheh, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mns., iii, 307. 



A Trachypfcrns having height of body contained Ml)ont S times in its total length; 

 smooth dorsal rays and si)inous lateral line. 



Eadial formula: D. (i/l-"'5; A. none; 0.8; P. 10. 



Color, silvery, a very distinct black spot at the commencement of the second tilth of 

 the total length; another, sometimes present, farther l)aek on the body. 



This species was descrilted by Giinther from a specimen 51 inches in lengtii obtained 

 somewhere in the Mediterranean, and now preserved in the British Museum. 



TRACHYPTERUS LIOPTERUR, Cuvieh and Vai.kncienne.s. 



? Rogmantst AristoMin, Risso, Hist. Nat. Eur. Merid., Ill, IS29, 297. 



Tracli!ii>terus lioptenis, Cuvier and Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Pokss.. x, :-;i2. — Moreau, Hist. Nat. Pokss., 

 France, ii, 562.— GCnther, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., iii, 3(17. 



A Trachyptervti having the height of the body contained from 1) to Ui lime.s in it.s tiital 

 length. Smooth dorsal rays. Spiny lateral Hue. 



Radial formula: D. G-7 + 1(59-1 74; C. S-6; P. 12; A. none; V. i, 7. 



Color, silvery white, w^ith a blackish spot in the first fifth of its length, and sometimes, 

 according to Valenciennes and Giinther, a. second spot behind it. 



This species, according to (iiinther, closely resembles T. tnu-hyplmis, but in the sn th- 



ness of the dorsal rays is more nearly related to T. arcticns. 



Specimens have been obtained at Nice, Naples, Toulon, Genoa, and Jlessina. In the 

 opinion of Gigiioli it is very distinct from the other Mediterranean forms. 



TRACHYPTERUS CRISTATl'S. Bonkii.i. 



Trachi/ptenis rns/afH-s BoNEi.Li, Mem. Aocad. Sci. Turin, xxiv, 1819, 4X7, ],\. ix.-Gi'NTHER,Cat. Fish. Brit. 



Mus., Ill, 301.— Moreau, Hist. Nat. Poiss. France, ii, i5<)7. 

 Traclujptenis BoneUii, Cuvier and ValeNCIEN.ves, Hist. Nat. Poiss., X, :i31. 



A Trachyptcrux characterized by having the lower i.rolile of the trunk much more 

 prominent than that of the tail, which is narrow and slender, and by an unusually small 

 number of rays in the dorsal fin. It has a spiny lateral line. 



Color, silvery, with the fins red, and usually two bhickish spots on the dor.s;il crest and 

 five others upon the posterior half of the dorsal. 



The type specimeu in the museum at Genoa has, according to (iiinthcr, much the ap- 

 pearance of a deformed fish. Giinther calls attention to the fact that Eisso described a 



