DISCUSSION OF SPECIES AND TIIEIK DlSTKIlillTION. 485 



Family LOPHIID^E. 



I Lofidi, Rafinesque, Indin' il'Ittiolngia Siciliaiia, l.sil), 1l'. 

 LopMida', Swainsox, Nat. Hist. Fisli., 18S!», ii, 195. 

 Lophiida; Bonapartk, Catalogo Metodico, llSKi-TO. 



Luiihiidw, Gill, Proc. Av.-M. Nat. Sri. I'hila., 1863, Wl; An-. Kairiilirs nf FIsIm-m, 1X72, •;.— .Iori.an i (in.iiKKT 

 Bull. XVI, U. S. N. M., 844 (full descri]iti.iiL). ' ' ' 



Lojihioidei, Bleekek, Tentaineu, ISM, xvi. 



Head wide, (lei)r(\s.s<",(l, very large. I'.oily contraefced, conical, tapering rapidly back- 

 ward fioiu the shoulder.s. Month exceedingly large, terminal, 0|)ening into an euorinous 

 stomach; upper jaw protractile; ma.xillary without supplementary IxMie; lower Jaw pro- 

 jecting; both Jaws with very strong, uncfpial, cardiform teeth, some oi' the teeth cauiue- 

 like, most of them depressible; vomer and palatines usually with stnmg teeth. Gill 

 openings comparatively hirge, in the Iow(!r axil of the pectorals. I'.sendobranchiai present. 

 Gill rakers none. Skin mostly smooth, naked, with many deinial Haps about the head. 

 Spinous dorsal of 3 isolated tentacle-like spines on the head and 3 smaller ones behind, 

 which form a continuous fin; .second (h)rsal moderate, similar to the anal; jiectoral mem- 

 bers scarcely geniculated, each with two actinosts and with ehmgate i)seudobracliia; 

 ventrals jugular, i, .5, widely sei)arated. Pyloric vavv/a present. (Jon1<(ii and (liih<:rt.) 



The family Lophiiihe has two genera, Lnphliin and LophiomuH, Gill. The latter is 

 distinguished by the diminished number of vertebra-, (al)out 19), and has for its type Lophi- 

 uiiiiiN seti(jerii,s, (W'ahl), (Ull, IVom the coasts (tf Ghina and Japan.' 



LOPHIUS, Aitecli. 



Luphius, Aktedi, (ieiiera I'isi-iiiiu, (ili. — LlNN.Kiis, Syst. Nat., M. x. ITrill, i, S.K — Ciivikk, IM-sih' .Vuimal, v\\. i, 



1817, 308.— GiJNTHER, Cat Fisli, Brit. .Miis., ii, 17S. 

 Lophiopsin, GuicnENOT. 



Lophiid (ishe.s, with head large, snl>circular in front, cranial i)ortiou .scmiewhat elevated, 

 lower jaw much projecting. Jaws with stout cardiform teeth in L' or .3 alternate series: 

 vomer dentigerous. 



Branchife 3, the first braru-hial arch without lanielhe. 



Anterior cephalic spine elongated, tentacular, with tleshy tip. Venlial fins very large, 

 winglike in young, decreasing with maturity, but always large. 



Body naked, hea<l always .spinigerous, espei'ially in the young, and with strong com- 

 posite spines at angles of cephalic disc. 



Vertebne in considerable number (27-31). Lophins has three species: L. insmtoriK.s, 

 described below, and L. hntJ<iitt.sxa, Spinola, confined to the .Medilcrranean, and distinguished 

 from all other Lophiids by its shorter second dorsal and its simple lanceolate humeral s|)ine, 

 and Lophius N^aresii, Guuther, found at a depth of !.".() fathoms noith of New Guinea, llo 

 fathoms, Philippines, and at th(. Adnuralty Islands. 



The Mediterranean i. hiidrf/tissn, Spin<fla, and the form from the China Sea, TMphiomuH 

 setigertis, will doubtless also be found to have an al)yssal range, since they, like the Atlantic 

 form, are well adapted to lifi' at great depths. 



LOPHIUS PISCATOKIIfS, Uinn.ei's. (FiKin''" 1"". 101) A, B.) 



Lophius piscatorius, LiNN.EUS, Systeina Natune, e.I. \, 17.-.8, i, p. l.':!ti.— (iii.i., I'ruc. V. S. .\. M., i, 1878. -'19 

 (selected .syuoiiymy, 1758-1872 ).-G(>oi.E, Vvur. V. S. N. M., iii, ],. 4t59.-GtlNTi.EH, Challenger Ke- 

 Ijort, xxil, 49.— Vaillant, Exp. Sei. Travailleur ct, 4'ali.siuaii, 1S88, lilS. 



Luphiiis amerU-unus, Storer., Hist. Fisli. Mass., 18(i7, 101, pi. xvill, Ii;;-. 2. 



This wellknr)wn fi.rm, which is found lliroiighout the North Atlantic Basin and on the 

 east ranges south to the Gape of (iood Hope, needs uo description here, except the very 

 brief dia'gnosis, given by (Jill as fiillows: .\ Lopltliis with a tridentate humeral .spine, 11-12 

 rays in the dorsal fin, and the mouth behind the hyoid bone immaculate. It occurs on the 

 west coast of Scandinavia north to latitiule C,>.)^-71°, ami in America as far north as 



Gllh Proc. U. S. Nat. Miis., l, p. 552. 



