490 DEEP-SEA FISHES OF THE ATLANTIC I'.ASIN. 



]):iullo Tiuxlo biiivior. Lonyitutlo pinna' caiiil;! lis hi iirc(il;ir:i' dim iilia tdtius piscislong^ltudine 

 liariini hicvior; lonyitudo ])iniia' pcctoialis viccsiinani t'eiine a'(|naiis l()n<iitn<linis totiiis 

 )(iscis ])ait('in. Mcnibrana cnnjunjiiMis pinna' dorsalis iiostcrioj'is piinnripK' analis ad liasin 

 pinna' caudal is ieie extcnsa. Nnnn^iiis lad. pin. dors. 1 + 1 + 1 ; pcct. Ifl; anal. 4; canil. S. 



MANCALIAS, Gill. 



il<ini<ilUix. (iTi,I., Proc. I'. S. Nat.. Mils., i, 1.S7S, 221 [t,ypi% Ceratiiix iirfinosropiis, Mfl!U.\Yj. — .loIiDAN .'iiid (iii.- 



RKi: T, Bull. XVI, U. S. Nat. Muh.. 848. — (ii'.N'mKR, ('hallcngcr Kep., .\.\ii, r>2. 

 Tnjihliipsaron. Git.l,, Fore.'^t and SI ream. 1883, 284 (Nov. 8).— .Iokdan, Cat. Fi.sh. Norlli AiiiPvira. 188."i, 1.S8. 



('cratiids witli (ioiii^att'd iruidv and icctiliuear baclc : niontli moderate; cephalic spine 

 witli hasal element ex.scrtcd and contiiinons witli tlie distal; i).vl()Tic c(era develojied (2); 

 mouth witii ('left snhvertical; first dorsal with few rays; liranchia' in 2.^ pairs; branchial 

 arches unarmed; skin with scattered spiiiigerous scutelLe ; no .second dor.sal spine devel- 

 ojK'd (as in Ccratias), but with two fleshy claviforni tubercles existing, as in Ceratias; 

 pectorals with about lO-lo slender rays instead of nearly 20, a« in Cera tins. ((rill.) 



M.VNCALIAS ITKANO.SCOPlTm, (Mhukay), (iii.i.. 



Crrnlias iirnno.impit!:, McRitAV. in Tli<>mson'.s Voyagi" of the Challeuijer, 1878, ii. ()7. Figure 20. — (Ji;nther, 



Chalinnjier Report, xxii, 04, i)l. XI, Fig. c. 

 Mancnlian tiyaiioscopiis, (iii.i.. h>c. lil. — Coodk, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., iii, 188(1, tHO. 

 Ccrntias Bolhollii Guntiiki; in i'.rady.s K'eport in ( ^li.illcnger ('o]iepo(la. iss:!, l:>7. 



!\F(nicfilins was first taken by H. M. S. (liiillrn<i<r, at a dciith of 2,400 fathoms, in the 

 Middle Atlantic, between the Canary and Cape Verde Islands. The specimen. .">| inches 

 long, and indifferently preserved, is in the Mritisb Museum. 



The specimen is 00 millimeters in length from the snout to the end of the tail, com- 

 pressed laterally, and of a uniform black color. The anterior spine of th(^ first dorsal tin is 

 ])roduced into a long filament, ending in a pear-shaped bulb, terminating in a veiy distinct, 

 semitransparent, whitish sjtot. This spine has its origin on the po.sterior portion of the 

 head, and when laid back it reaches nearly to the tip of the tail. The second part of the 

 first dorsal is placed far back on the body, and consists of 2 short, He.shy tubercles, which 

 lie in a dei)r(^ssion in front of the second dorsal fin. The second dorsal has 3 rays; the anal 

 is op])osite the second dorsal and has 4 rays; the caudal has 8 rays, the 4 central rays being 

 much larger than the others, and bifid. The jjectorals are small and luvve 10 very deti(;ate 

 rays. The gill oiiening is a .slit situated below the pectoral flu. The upper jaw is formed 

 by the intermaxillaries, and is armed, together with the lowi^r .jaw, with a series of teeth of 

 moderate size, which can be depressed inward as in LophiuH. The skin is thickly covered 

 with minute, embedded, conical s]iines. The eyes are very small and are placed liigh u]) on 

 the middh; of the head. 



The i>resenee of a fish of this grouj) at so great a depth is of special interest. From 

 its structure, and from the analogy of its nearest allies, there seems to be no reasonable 

 doubt that it lives on th<^ bottom. It is the habit of many of the family to lie hidden in the 

 mud, with the long dor.sal filament anil its terminal soft expansion exposed. It has been 

 imagined that the expansion is used as a bait to allure its prey, but it seems more likely 

 that it is a sense organ, intended to give notice of their approach. 



MANCAMAS SHITFELDTII, Gill. (Figure 401.) 



Typhlopmras Sliiifcldti, Gill, Forest and Stream, New York, Nov. 8, 1883, 281.— .Iduhax. Cat. Fish. North 



America, 188."i, 138. 

 Ceratias Shufehlli, GCntuku, Ch.illi^ngcr Kejiort, \xii, .".4. 



The s])(^<'imens of Maiicrihns obtained in the Westein .Vtlaiitic are two in number. 



A single specimen, No. 20150, 8,5 miliimeters long, was taken October 2, ISSO, at sta- 

 tion No. 80.3, at a dei)tli of 372 fathoms. (Coode, I'roc. V. S. Nat. Mus., ill, 410.) 



The tyjw of Tjiphinpsaras ShtifchHii (No. 3.3.552, U. S. Nat. Mus.), has the maxilla one- 

 third the length from the gill opening to the caudal base: the intermaxilla is contained .3^ 



