APPENDIX. 515 



Eatber than assign au Atlantic species to a genus only known from the South I'aeitic 

 it seems justifiable to provisionally form a new genus for its reception, it being in our Judg- 

 ment safer to overestimate diagnostic characters which are supposed to exist rather than 

 to undervalue them and withdraw attention from them by tlie op[)osite course. 



We therefore propose for this form the generic name Mandnciifi, characterized as fol- 

 lows: Body oblong, compressed, covered witli scales except upon the top of the head and 

 upon the ridge of the back, which is rugosely warted; two rows of spots on each side of 

 the belly close to the ventral line. Head elongate, conical, much coni])ressed, with thin 

 bones; the cheeks covered with large scales. Opercular bones thin, the month and gill 

 openings very wide. Under jaw for the most part inclnded, armed with a single row of 

 sharp conical teeth with small ones between them and a double row of eight smaller, but 

 similar ones in front. Tpper jaw with a single row of teeth in front similar to those in the 

 lower jaw, followed on either side by a few very loug teeth with others smaller behind. 

 Vomer with a few teeth; a row of minute sharp teeth on the palatines, and a row of teeth 

 on the entopterygoids as well as a small similar patch on the upper side of the tongue. Eye 

 moderate. Dorsal in the middle of the back over the space between the ventral and the 

 anal. Pectoral and ventral well developed, the latter mirrow and shorter than the pec- 

 toral. Anal lower than dorsal with longer base. Lateral line much as iu Gonostoma. 



MAXIU'Crs MADEKENSIS (.louxsox). 



Diagnosis: A tish ha\-ing tlie body ehtn gate, compressed; its height is included tJi 

 times in its length without the caudal ; the length of the head ."ii times in the same distance. 

 The top of the head is scaleless, armed with two low converging ridges which meet in front 

 of the orbits. Cheeks with large scales; protile rather steei) and snout short. The eye, 

 which is round, does not reach the profile; its diameter is included about ."> times in the 

 length of the head, its distance tiom the snout is rather more than its owu diameter, and 

 from the jaw rather less. 



The lateral line begins near the eilge of the opercle, k of f 1»?. height from the outline of 

 the back, and following gently until it reaches the middle of the height under the dorsal, 

 it then runs straight to the base of the caudal. Two rows of photophores, which are silvery 

 or pale steel blue in color, are closely set low down on each side of the belly. The upper 

 row, on which between CO and 70 spots may be counted, begins at the throat and is con- 

 tinued to the base of the caudal, and the lower row rans along the isthuuis between the gill 

 openings and likewise extends to the caudal. 



Radial fornuila: D. 11; P. 10; V. 8; A. 33; 0. Ill+lil + lU. 



Scales undetermined. 



This species is known from -.i single specimen obtained by John.-^on in the market at 

 Fnnchal and is now at the British .Aluseum. 



Color blackish, with two rows of silvery or i)ale blue spots along (iach side of the belly. 



Page 105: Astronenthvs nigcr. Add to synonymy: 

 GuNTUER, Challenger Report, xxxi, Pt. ii, 3S. 



Paae 108: tifomhiH nchulo.sns, Alcock. A good figure is given in " Illustrations of the 

 Zoology of H. M. S. Livrslujntor" Part i, PI. Vii, fig. 1, Calcutta, 1802. 



Page 118 : Caulopus bom,Hs, Gill (Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. I'hila., 18(52, 128). occurs in the 



Northeast Pacific. 



Caulopus .crru, tiill (/. c), is known only from a single specimen taken ofl Monterey, 



Lower California. , , , . ., ^, • 



Paralepis. In the study of this genus, special attention should be given o the uupor- 

 tant paper by Cristoforo Bellotti, entitled -I I'aralepidini del M..d,terraneo, .n the At . 

 della Societa Italiana di Sci. Nat., xx, lasc. 1, 1877; and his remarks m the same joiumal, 

 XXXIV, 1802, 34^. 



