8 RHODOSPERME^. v. 



VII. Squamakie^. Frond lichenoid, horizontally expanded and rooting from the 

 under surface, cartilaginous or membranaceous. Spores arranged in monili- 

 form strings within the wart. 



** Nuclei immersed in the frond. 



VIII. Helminthocladie^. Frond gelatinous, or gelatino -membranaceous (cylindri- 

 cal) almost wholly composed of confervoid filaments set in loose gelatine. 

 Nuclei spherical, formed of branching, moniliform spore threads issuing from 

 a central point. 



*** Nuclei naked, involucrate. 



IX. Wrangeliace^. Frond filiform, monosiphonous, articulate or corticated with 

 small cells. Spores pear-shaped, formed in the terminal cells of branching 

 spore- threads. 



Series 2. GONGYLOSPERMEiE, J. Ag. Sporiferous-nucleus (either naked, immersed 

 in the substance of the frond, or lodged in hollow conceptacles) subglobose, 

 either simple or formed of many nucleoli. Numerous spores congregated with- 

 out order within a hyaline, mucous or membranaceous periderm (or mother- 

 ceU). 



* Frond inarticulate, flat or cylindrical, compound. 



X. Rhodymeniace^. Nucleus lodged in globose conceptacles ; spores developed 



within the cells of moniliform, branching filaments issuing from a centre ; at 

 length conglobated without order. 



XI. Cryptonemiace^. Nucleus either lodged within a conceptacle or sunk in the 

 frond ; spores developed within solitary or aggregated detached mother-cells ; 

 at length conglobated without order. 



** Frond filiform, articulate, monosiphonous ; the articulations naked, or covered by a 



cortical layer of small cellules. 



XII. SPYRiDiACE.ffi. Nucleus lodged in an external, closed cellular pericarp, com- 

 pound, consisting of many nucleoli, each formed by the evolution of panicu- 

 lately branched spore threads ; spores at length conglobated without order. 



XIIL Ceramiace^. Nucleus (a favella) naked or involucrate, simple ; containing 

 spores conglobated without order within a hyaline membranous periderm (or 

 mother cell), developed externally. 



