172 CRYPTONEMIACE^. v. 



mediate of large, roundish polygonal, seriated cells ; the cortical of minute, roundish, 

 vertically seriated cellules. Conceptades immersed in the frond, prominent to both 

 surfaces, roundish, containing within a sub-definite pericarp (formed from the 

 cortical layer) a compound nucleus consisting of several nucleoli or masses of 

 minute spores. Tetraspores formed from the superficial cellules, scattered, cruciate. 



Fronds intensely and generally brilliantly coloured, blood-red or crimson lake, 

 rarely purplish or brownish, of a thickish, membranous, or somewhat cartilaginous 

 substance, soft to the touch, flat, either quite sessile or somewhat stipitate, irregular 

 in form and in division. In the young state the lamina is generally quite simple, 

 roundish, oblong, obovate or reniform ; but in age, either from a natural tendency 

 to split, or from the action of the waves, it becomes much divided ; sometimes 

 reduced to narrow ribbons ; and sometimes, by new proliferous growths from the 

 injured margin, fringed with small lobes or frondlets. Several species have been 

 described, but owing to the great irregularity of form, they are difficult to charac- 

 terise, and botanists are not agreed as to their exact limits. I have now to add 

 one to the number, which, though founded on very imperfect specimens, I am un- 

 willing to omit from the present Essay. 



1 . Kallymenia Pennyi. 



Hab. Dredged on a shingly bottom, in 15 — 20 fathoms water, in Assistance Bay, 

 Arctic coast. Dr. Sutherland, (v. s. in Herb. T. C. D.) 



Fragments of leaves three to five inches long, and three to four inches broad, 

 but too much injured to enable me to determine the proper outline, are all that I 

 have yet seen of this supposed new species. They resemble K. reniformis ; but 

 when thin slices of both are placed together on the table of the microscope, the 

 membrane of K. Pennyi is seen to be only half the thickness of that of K. reniformis, 

 with the medullary net-work more lax, and the cortical cellules larger. The struc- 

 ture seems essentially the same. The colour of the dried specimens is a dark, full- 

 red, somewhat brownish. 



At the request of my friend Prof Dickie of Belfast, I name this interesting plant 

 in honour of the intrepid commander of the Ai-ctic Searching Expedition, Capt 

 Penny, " by whose energy and determination Dr. Sutherland was enabled to reach 

 the locality where it was found." Didde in litt. 



