

14 AMERICAN ARCHAEOLOGY. 



successfully, as Charlevoix thinks, whose convenient summary ol' their views is 

 here abbreviated, and having also reviewed the positions of other writers, De Laet 

 expresses his own, viz : that the ancient inhabitants of the Canaries, whose deserted 

 edifices were seen, according to Pliny, by the first Europeans who discovered those 

 islands, had passed over to America, and that, with equal probability, passages 

 might have been effected from the Cape Verdes to Brazil. Great Britain, Ireland, 

 and the Orcades, are also admitted as probable sources of emigration, and the story 

 of Madoc is received with favor. He thinks colonies might have come from the 

 Scythians, and that South America was peopled from New Guinea. He concludes 

 with an examination of the opinion of Emanuel de Moraes, that the whole country 

 was peopled by the Carthaginians and Israelites. 



Prof. Horn, who had the advantage of coming after most of the authors already 

 referred to, discusses the subject in a Latin treatise of two hundred and eighty-two 

 pages, 12mo, printed in 1652. Having reference to previous opinions, he excludes 

 from the New World, as original colonists, Ethiopians, Norwegian's, Danes, Swedes, 

 Celts, Samoides and Laplanders, Greeks and Latins, Hebrews, Christians and Ma- 

 hometans. He supposes that the country began to be peopled from the north by 

 the Scythians ; that the Phoenicians and Carthaginians afterwards got footing by 

 the Atlantic Ocean, and the Chinese by the Pacific ; that other nations might from 

 time to time have landed here ; and, lastly, that some Jews and Christians may 

 have arrived, but not till the land was already peopled. He considers it probable 

 that the Atlantis of Plato was part of America, and was submerged in the deluge 

 of which traditions remained among the Mexicans. 



The relation of Diodorus Siculus, respecting the large island visited by the Phoe- 

 nicians, he regards as indicating their second emigration to America; their third 

 and last being in the service of Solomon to Ophir, which is Hayti. The later emi- 

 grations he would make out to be of three sorts of Scythians, viz : the Huns, the 

 Tartars of Cathay, and the Chinese. The following are some of his fanciful deri- 

 vations. The Apalaches of Florida from the Apaleans of Solinus ; the Tombas of 

 Peru from the Tabians of Ptolemy ; the northern Hurons from the Huyrons, neigh- 

 bors of the Moguls; the Irocpiois from the Yrcas, or Turks. 



These references might be very much extended ; but the foregoing are perhaps 

 sufficient to indicate the principal varieties of opinion, and the more prominent 

 among early authors by whom they have been entertained. Other writers appear 

 to have added little to their facts or their arguments, although many changes have 

 been rung upon these in their application. 



The sources of derivation that appear to have been regarded as possessing the 

 strongest claims to consideration, are the Hebrews (by whom the lost tribes are 

 most commonly signified) ; the Phoenicians under various names, as Carthaginians, 

 Tyrians, Canaanites, &c. ; the- Scythians, and the Scandinavians. Analogies in 

 arts and customs have led to the supposition of Greek, Roman, Etruscan, Chinese, 

 Hindoo, and other colonies in America; but the four sources above mentioned 

 seem to have found the most numerous advocates. 



Some of the later supporters of the Hebrew origin of the Indian tribes have 

 already been mentioned. The Phoenician emigrations are presented under a new 



