110 



OBSERVATIONS UPON THE LIVER. 



CHAPTER VII. 



OBSERVATIONS UPON THE LIVER. 



The form and appearance of the liver vary greatly in different animals. The 

 shape and number of the lobes, and the general color, appear to follow no special 

 law. The following observations, however, will show that its general form is often 

 determined by that of the animal and its abdominal cavity. 



The following figure represents the viscera of the Stingray (Trygon sabina). 



Fig. 19. 



Viscera and impregnated uterus of the Stingray (Trygon sabina), reduced to one-half diameter. A, A. Auricle of the 

 heart. B. Ventricle of the heart. D, D. Liver. C. Gall-bladder. E. Stomach. F. Intestine with spiral valve, 

 which increases the extent of surface over which tln> digestive aliment is spread. The dark lines indicate the 

 position and turns of the valve. H. Impregnated uterus. The tails of the Foetal Stingrays are seen projecting 

 out of the anus. G. Unimpregnated uterus and ovaries communicating with the cloaca. M. Cloaca. K, S. Tails 

 of Foetal Stingrays. X. Anus. 



