ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 677 



ecarinate forms of J^. tricarinata, Say," to wliich the Clear Lake specimens 



bear but slight resemblance,] 

 Fomatiojjsis Binneyi, Tryon. 

 Fluminicola fusca, Hald. (^Leptoxisf.), Shores of Lake Utah, Cajit. Burton. 



117. Of the West Coast species of Melaniadae we are unable to offer any 

 list embracing the synonymy, as the materials are at present in the hands of 

 Mr. Tryon for elimination, and his labours are not yet sufficiently advanced 

 to furnish a report. His Manual of the North American Melaniadas will be 

 published by the Smithsonian Institution. The animals of many species have 

 already been dissected by Dr. Stirapson*. It is unfortunate that in the two 

 most important branches of North American freshwater molluscs, the Me- 

 laniadae and the Unionida3, there exists a radical difference of opinion between 

 the leading writers, which has sometimes assumed the appearance of per- 

 sonal animosity. Malacologists east of the Atlantic, unwilling to become 

 partisans when the leading nomenclators of the rival schools are equally 

 honoured, have to a great extent declined to pay attention to the unexhausted 

 riches of the American waters, regarding any settlement of the disputed 

 points as hopeless. Dr. Isaac Lea, who has spared no expense in illustrating 

 his publications of the results of a life-long study, follows the restrictioas 

 on the priority-rule allowed by the British Association Committee. Other 

 writers, however, claim a certainty in identifying the supposed species of 

 Rafinesque and other similarly inaccurate authors, which would be considered 

 by most English naturalists as not warranted by the few loose words of de- 

 scription given. It would be well if the student were permitted to start from 

 the first carefully ascertained landmark, rather than from the defaced tracks 

 of the first hunter. 



In the Check-LLst of North-American Flmdatile Gasteropods, published by 

 the Smithsonian Institution, June 1860, which contains the names of 405 

 (supposed) species oi Melania, Lithasia, Gyrotomci , Lepioxis, and lo, Mr.Binney 

 assigns the following eleven to the West Coast. None of them are accredited 

 to the eastern division. 



43. Melanin hrdbosa, Gld. 



104. MeJania exigua, Conr. 



166. Melania Menkeana, Lea. 



174. Melania Kewhei-ryi, Lea. 



177. Melania nigrina, Lea. Clear Creek, 



Shasta Co. 



211. Melania plieifera, Lea. 



242. Melania Shastaensis, Lea. Shasta 



and Scott Rivers. 



243. Melania silicula, Gld. \_ = M. pliei- 



fera, small var., teste Lea.] 



296. Melania Wahlamatensis, Lea. 



297. Melania JVarderiana, Lea. 

 360. Melania fusca, Hald. 



118. Dr. Lea's Check-List of the Unionidse (June 1860), after eliminating 

 synonyms, assigns to America, north of Mexico, no fewer than 552 species 

 of Unio, Margaritana, and Anodonta. The type-specimens of the species 

 described by Dr. Gould from the United States Exploring Expedition were 

 submitted to Dr. Lea's inspection, and confirmed his previous opinion that 

 they were varieties of those before known. The U. famelicus, Gld., he pro- 

 nounced to be a South-American shell ; but it appears, without note, in the 

 Check List, no. 133, probably by oversight. The only widely diffused species 

 is the long-famed " pearl-mussel " of the Conway and other British streams. 

 The following seven are accredited to the Pacific coast : — 



* See his very interesting and important paper " On the structural Characters of the so- 

 called Melanians of North America," in the ' American Journal of Science,' vol. xxxviii., 

 July 18(J4, pp. 4i-5.3. It appears that the sexual system is quite distinct from that of the 

 ordinary Ctcnobranchiate Gasteropods, and approaches the Cyclobranchiates. 



163 



