QUERIES RELATIVE TO TORNADOES. 3 



trees were thrown, down, or broken off, on the north, and on the 

 south side of the track. 



16. What eff'ects were produced on the trees — whether broken 

 off at the trunk, wpi'ooted, or twisted around — or separated into 

 splinters: did the sap remain in the wood, or was it dried vp or 

 evaporated : — what effect was produced on the bark, and what 

 on the branches and leaves: — did any of tlic leaves present the 

 appearance of having been scorclied. 



Did any particular trees that stood in the track appear to liave 

 escaped the destructive action — if so, ichat kind of trees were 

 these. 



17. Were there any well-authenticated instances of hay, straw, 

 or grain-stacks, or stables, or other buildings having been set on 

 ffre by the lightning, during the passage of the storm. 



18. Was any case noticed of iron or steel which exhibited 

 marks of heating or of mechanical action — if so, describe the 

 appearance. 



19. Were there any side-currents towards, or offshoots from 

 the main course of the Tornado : — and where did these commence 

 and terminate. 



20. State what was observed in regard to the ichirl of the 

 Sj^out or funnel-shaped cloud : — the direction of its rotation on 

 its axis, whether " with the sun," that is, in the direction of the 

 hands of a watch when placed face upward — or " against the 

 sun," that is, opposite to that of the hands of a watch. 



21. What was the color and general appearance of the Spout : 

 was it always in contact with the ground, or did it sometimes rise 

 up and again descend : — was it perp)endicular or nearly so to 

 the earth's surface, or was it curved or inclined in the whole or 

 part of its length, and in which direction : — was it of uniform 

 diameter or varying : — what was its apparent height as compared 

 with buildings, trees, or other objects passed over — and how did 

 it seem to be connected with the clouds above it. 



If more than one Spout was in sight at the same time, describe 

 their relative appearances and motions. 



A sketch (however rough, if accurate) of the appearance of 

 the Spout will be valuable, as also of its changes in figure, as it 

 moved onward — thus : — 



