NO. I ACHATINELLA APEXFULVA DIXON — WELCH II 



(Haole Koa zone) of 84.56° Fahrenheit; at 738.16 feet (Guava 

 zone), y'j° \ at 1,000.61 feet (Koa zone), 75?2; at 1,591.2 feet 

 (Ohia zone), 7i?6; at 2,198.2 feet (Cloud zone), 70?7 (see below for 

 explanation of plant zones, and fig. i, p. 3). 



The extreme southeastern section of the Koolau Range is ex- 

 ceedingly dry (see table i, Makapuu). The main division ridge 

 rises toward the west to 2,200 feet above Kuliouou Gulch, at Puu O 

 Kona (fig. 7, p. 194). Between Puu O Kona and Konahuanui the 

 backbone ridge fluctuates in height from 2,200 to 2,600 feet. At the 

 head of Nuuanu Valley the division ridge rises to 3,105 feet at the 

 high peak of Konahuanui, descends at Nuuanu Pali to 1,186 feet, 

 and rises again to 2,700 feet at Puu Lanihuli. To the northeast of 

 Puu Lanihuli the backbone ridge fluctuates in height from 2,250 to 

 2,800 feet. The usual elevation would be roughly 2,400 to 2,500 feet. 

 Above Kawainui Gulch in Kawailoa the backbone ridge begins to 

 drop in elevation near Puu Kainapuaa. From Puu Kainapuaa to the 

 head of Ohia ai Gulch there is a gradual descent from 2,250 to 1,750 

 feet. From Ohia ai Gulch to the head of Pupukea the drop is a gradual 

 one from 1,750 to 900 feet. 



Achafinella apexfulva today occurs almost exclusively on the lee- 

 ward slope of the Koolau Range. The material in this paper comes 

 from 45 ridges and 11 valleys. Five of the ridges are on the wind- 

 ward slope of the Koolau Range. The upper limit at which A. apex- 

 fulva occurs is usually from ^ mile to i^ miles from the backbone 

 ridge, but it may be farther on some ridges which have not been 

 collected at higher elevations. The lower edge of the collectable area 

 varies northwest of Nuuanu Valley to Kawailoa (fig. 7) from 2^ to 

 5f miles in a straight line from the backbone ridge. In Nuuanu Val- 

 ley and on the Niu-Wailupe Ridge the localities are less than a quarter 

 of a mile from the summit of the backbone ridge. These two regions 

 are exceptions to the general rule. It is strange that this species is 

 not found on the backbone ridge as are other species. But as far as 

 the material from carefully plotted localities is concerned no speci- 

 mens are from the backbone ridge. 



Hosaka (1937, pp. 179-180), in discussing the ecology of Kipapa 

 Gulch distinguishes six plant zones, which are copied on figure i. 

 They are as follows : Maritime zone, Haole Koa zone, Guava zone, 

 Koa zone, Ohia zone, and the Cloud zone. Hosaka writes : 



In the Guava Zone Psidium Guayivva and Lantana Caiiiara are most common. 

 Above this region is the Koa Zone, dominated by Acacia Koa and Glcichenia 

 linearis on the slopes, and by Aleiiritcs moluccana in the gully bottoms. The 

 central portion of the native forest, the Ohia Zone, is dominated by Metrosideros 



