DISTRIBUTION AND VARIATION OF THE HAWAIIAN 



TREE SNAIL ACHATINELLA APEXFULVA DIXON 



IN THE KOOLAU RANGE, OAHU 



By d'ALTE a. welch 



(With 12 Plates) 



CONTENTS 



Page 



Introduction i 



Scope of work i 



Place names of the Koolau Range 2 



Climatological data and physiography g 



Table i. Annual precipitation records in the Koolau Range 10 



Material and methods 12 



Table 2. Data on material 15 



Species concept 21 



Taxonomy 23 



Synopsis of the subspecies of Achatinclla apcxfulva Dixon 23 



Group of A. a. ccstits Newcomb 28 



Group of A. a. vittata Reeve 42 



Group of A. a. pilshryi new subspecies 52 



Group of A. a. turgida Newcomb 57 



Group of A. a. polymorpha Gulick 91 



Group of A. a. leiicorraphe Gulick loi 



Group of A. a. invini Pilsbry and Cooke 115 



Group of A. a. coniformis Gulick 126 



Group of A. a. lilacea Gulick 133 



Group of A. a. apicata Newcomb , 146 



Group of A. a. aloha Pilsbry and Cooke 160 



Group of A. a. apexjulva Dixon 176 



Conclusions 188 



Summary 206 



References 208 



Explanation of plates 208 



Plates 1-12 224 



Index to sections, genera, species, and subspecies 225 



Index to place names 229 



INTRODUCTION 

 SCOPE OF WORK 



In a previous paper (Welch, 1938) the species Achatinella mustelina 

 is studied. The present paper continues the work on Hawaiian tree 

 snails and deals with the species Achatinclla apcxfulva, also of the 

 island of Oahu. Does the same variation or series of variations occur 



Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, Vol. 103, No. 1 



