NO. I ACHATINELLA APEXFULVA DIXON — WELCH 1 77 



and is of a black-brown colour, except the tip, which is pale-yellow : the inside 

 is smooth and white, and the mouth is marginated within. It is remarkable for 

 a knob or tooth on the columella, but which does not wind round it, consequently 

 excludes it from the Valuta genus of Linnaeus, to which at first sight it appears 

 to be related. As I presume it to be a species hitherto undescribed, I have taken 

 the liberty to give it the trivial name of Apex Fulva, or the Yellow Tip. A 

 figure of it, in two views, is given in one of the following plates. 

 Specimens of this kind are in the Leverian Museum. 



Distribution, area 97 : "Picked before 1861 in Opaeula Valley on 

 the south side opposite ridge running down over the tunnel. Picked 

 on ieie [Freycinetia], kawau [keawau = //^.r], kopiko [Straussia], 

 kolea [koo\esi = Myrsine']." (O. P. Emerson label for his lot of A. a. 

 apexfulva in MCZ.) "Opaeula Gulch, Waialua," J. S. Emerson, 

 BBM 102270, 102272; Kamoku, J. S. Emerson, BBM 33298; 

 Opaeula Gulch, locality 330-4, elevation 1,100 feet, Welch, K. 

 Emory, and W. Giffard, 15 dead dextral 1935. This locality is on 

 the south side of the Gulch and answers O. P. Emerson's description 

 of his locality, and is probably the place where the Emerson brothers 

 got their material (see figs. 5, $a, p. 105). 



According to Murray (1904, p. 175) the Leverian Museum was 

 formed by Sir Ashton Lever (1729- 1788) in the early years of his 

 life at his house, Alkrington Hall, near Manchester. In 1783 the 

 museum was sold by lottery. The lottery was won by James 

 Parkinson. In 1806 the museum was sold at auction. In a copy 

 of the sales catalog of the Leverian Museum, in my possession, 

 there are 10 lots which mention necklaces, bracelets, and other 

 ornaments, made of shells, from the Sandwich Islands. One of these 

 ornaments may be the one Dixon refers to, which contains the type 

 or paratypes of A. a. apexfulva. The lei (necklace) Dixon studied 

 may have been broken up and the specimens sold. Dixon's original 

 figure is reproduced on plate 11, figure 17. 



Pilsbry and Cooke (1914, p. 321) give such a good account of the 

 history of A. a. apexfulva that it seems unnecessary to review the 

 matter again. In discussing the origin of shell leis Pilsbry says : 



It appears that shell leis were strung by the natives of the good agricultural 

 region about Waialua Bay, who doubtless got the shells from the lower forests 

 in the back country, in various places in Kawailoa and Helemano districts. 

 They were carried or traded eastward, and so obtained by explorers harboring 

 at Honolulu. It is altogether likely that all of the A. apexfulva of these leis 

 were from some one colony in Opaeula Gulch. 



Pilsbry correctly considers Turbo lugubris, Monodoiita seminigera, 

 and A. pica synonyms of A. a. apexfulva. The types of these forms 



